Abstract:
An infrared spectrophotometer, which is capable of preventing measurement data measured from being adversely affected by moisture vapor. An internal space of an attachment receiving therein an optical element is sealed and isolated from ambient air by providing a tube and others, and a dehumidifier is provided in the internal space of the attachment for an optical path. Thus, the dehumidifier is disposed in a relatively narrow space, so that the internal space of the attachment can be efficiently dehumidified within a short period of time so as to reduce humidity in the internal space to suppress absorption of moisture vapor which would otherwise occur on the optical path in the internal space of the attachment. This makes it possible to prevent a negative influence of moisture vapor on measurement data, while reducing a standby time due to the dehumidification.
Abstract:
Various systems and methods for performing optical analysis downhole with an interferogram (a light beam having frequency components with a time variation that identifies those frequency components. The interferogram is produced by introducing an interferometer into the light path, with the two arms of the interferometer having a propagation time difference that varies as a function of time. Before or after the interferometer, the light encounters a material to be analyzed, such as a fluid sample from the formation, a borehole fluid sample, a core sample, or a portion of the borehole wall. The spectral characteristics of the material are imprinted on the light beam and can be readily analyzed by processing electronics that perform a Fourier Transform to obtain the spectrum or that enable a comparison with one or more templates. An interferometer designed to perform well in the hostile environments downhole is expected to enable laboratory-quality measurements.
Abstract:
An interferometer system includes an optical bench and at least two mirror structures, being patterned from one or more layers on the optical bench and erected to extend substantially perpendicularly to the bench to define two interferometer arms to provide a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) interferometer. The MEMS interferometer is further implemented in a Fourier transform spectrometer, which includes a common housing containing the interferometer and a gas cell, possibly including a preconcentrator.
Abstract:
A sensor and method for remotely determining a presence of a particular substance based on spectral data of the particular substance is disclosed. The sensor includes a sampling module configured to detect radiation from a particular substance using an interferometer, wherein the sampling module includes a control module that is configured to guide and measure spacing of samples taken by the sampling module; a focal plane module configured to detect and convert an interference pattern produced by the interferometer into a series of digital samples; a reference spectra modification module configured to modify reference spectra by modifying according to the measured spacing of samples and an instrument line shape of the sampling module; an estimation module configured to receive the converted series of digital samples and transform the non-uniformly spaced digital samples into frequency space using band centers determined from reference spectra as modified by the instrument line shape of the sampling module; a comparison module configured to compare the transformed digital samples against a database of known chemical signatures; and a determination module configured to determine the presence of the particular substance based on the results of the comparison.
Abstract:
A micro movable device includes a movable member, a stationary portion, and connecting portions each connected to the movable member and the stationary portion. The movable member includes a pair of electrodes. The stationary portion includes a pair of electrodes cooperating with the electrodes of the movable member to generate a driving force for translating the movable member in its thickness direction. The connection points at which the respective connecting portions are connected to the movable member are spaced from each other. The electrodes of the movable member are positioned between two mutually spaced connection points, as viewed along the spacing direction of the two connection points.
Abstract:
We disclose apparatus that includes: (a) an enclosure including an aperture; (b) a prism mounted in the enclosure so that a surface of the prism is exposed through the aperture; (c) an optical assembly contained within the enclosure, the optical assembly including a radiation source and a radiation detector, the source being configured to direct radiation towards the prism and the detector being configured to detect radiation from the source reflected from the exposed surface of the prism; and (d) an electronic processor contained within the enclosure, the electronic processor being in communication with the detector. The apparatus can be configured so that, during operation, the electronic processor determines information about a sample placed in contact with the exposed surface of the prism based on radiation reflected from the exposed prism surface while it is in contact with the sample.
Abstract:
A two-beam interferometer for Fourier Transform spectroscopy has a double pivot scanning mechanism. The interferometer has two rigid pendulums that are each rotatable to swing around an associated one of distinct axes of rotation. A linkage links the two rigid pendulums to each other and constrains their rotation relative to each other. The interferometer has bearings, which may be flexure bearings, for rotatably mounting the two pendulums to swing around an associated one of the distinct axes of rotation and a first and a second bearing linking the linkage to an associated one of the pendulums. The two rigid pendulums, the linkage and the bearings can be a monolithic structure.
Abstract:
Scanning interferometer and method of using same providing for rapid, reliable detection of chemical compounds that are readily implemented in low-cost, portable configurations for application in a variety of monitoring and detection applications. A scanning double-beam interferometer, particularly a Michelson interferometer, in which the length of at least one of the optical paths (or arms) of the interferometer is selectively adjustable by use of an actuator in which rotational displacement of a rotatable element is converted into linear displacement of at least one reflective surface which forms an end of an optical path of the interferometer is employed to obtain interferograms of electromagnetic radiation attenuated, emitted, scattered or reflected from a sample. The length of the optical path that is adjusted is determined using an optical detection scheme, particularly where marking on the rotatable element are detected to determine linear displacement of the reflective surface.
Abstract:
Methods and devices are provided for determining the presence and/or concentration of at least one analyte in a sample of low transmissivity. In the subject methods, a forward beam and a backward beam are produced by or introduced into an interferometer from at least one infrared radiation source. The forward beam is passed into the sample and then collected to produce a sample beam while the backward beam is passed into a reference and then collected to provide a reference beam. The sample and reference beams are recombined either optically into a null beam which is detected at a single detector or electronically nulled after detection on two separate detectors. The presence, and often amount, of at least one analyte in the sample is then derived from the detected null beam. Also provided are devices for practicing the above methods. The subject methods and devices are suitable for use in a variety of different applications, including the detection of the presence, and amount, of one or more blood analytes in a physiological sample, such as blood, tissue or derivatives thereof.
Abstract:
An FT-IR microscope is operated in association with a scanning spectrometer in such a way that incremental movement of the movable stage of the microscope is synchronized with the scans of the scanning spectrometer. This minimizes delays in processing time.