Abstract:
The present invention relates to an inspection apparatus and an inspection method which selectively adjust a numerical aperture of illuminating light in the form of collimated light when inspecting a target object, such as a wafer or the like, using a spectrum, thereby preventing a diffraction phenomenon caused by the illuminating light. The inspection apparatus may include: a camera unit disposed above a target object; an illumination unit configured to illuminate the target object with illuminating light; and a light detection unit configured to detect reflection light of the target object illuminated with the illuminating light, wherein the illumination unit comprises a numerical aperture adjustment device which has a first optical member having a first numerical aperture that is replaceable with a second optical member having a second numerical aperture different from the first numerical aperture so as to reduce a diffraction phenomenon caused by the illuminating light.
Abstract:
Described herein are systems and methods for noninvasive functional brain imaging using low-coherence interferometry (e.g., for the purpose of creating a brain computer interface with higher spatiotemporal resolution). One variation of a system and method comprises optical interference components and techniques using a lock-in camera. The system comprises a light source and a processor configured to rapidly phase-shift the reference light beam across a pre-selected set of phase shifts or offsets, to store a set of interference patterns associated with each of these pre-selected phase shifts, and to process these stored interference patterns to compute an estimate of the number of photons traveling between a light source and the lock-in camera detector for which the path length falls within a user-defined path length range.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a long path cell (10), in particular a Herriott cell, with (a) a primary minor (12) and (b) a secondary mirror (14). According to the invention, it is provided that the primary mirror (12) has a first primary minor segment (42.1) and at least one second primary minor segment (42.2), which radially surrounds the first primary mirror segment (42.1), whereby the primary minor segments (42) differ in their curvatures (R42.1, 42.2) or focal lengths, the secondary minor (14) has a first secondary minor segment (44.1) and at least one second secondary mirror segment (44.2) which radially sur-rounds the first secondary minor segment (44.1), whereby the secondary minor segments (44) differ in their curvatures (R42.1, R42.2) or focal lengths, the first primary mirror segment (42.1) and the first secondary minor segment (44.1) are arranged in relation to each other such that a light beam is reflected back and forth between the two, and that the second primary mirror segment (42.2) and the second secondary minor segment (44.2) are arranged in relation to each other such that a light beam is reflected back and forth between the two.
Abstract:
A multilayered film for performing spectroscopic measurements in a fluid are provided. The multilayered film includes a substrate; a porous layer adjacent to the substrate; and a reflective layer formed on the porous layer, wherein the porous layer selectively allows a component of a fluid to be optically measured when the multilayered film is immersed in the fluid. A sensor for spectroscopic measurements in crude oil samples including a multilayered film as above is also provided. A method of manufacturing a multilayered film for spectroscopic measurements in fluids as above is also provided.
Abstract:
A sample cell apparatus for use in spectroscopic determination of an analyte in a body fluid sample includes a first plate member made from an optically clear material and a second plate member made from an optically clear material and opposing the first plate member. A channel extending into a surface of the first plate member and an opposing surface of the second plate member houses a floating seal. The floating seal surrounds a fluid chamber that retains a sample of body fluid for optical measurement. The fluid chamber may be opened for flushing by separating the first plate member from the second plate member. During measurements the fluid chamber is closed to define a repeatable optical path-length therethrough by urging the first plate member against the second plate member without compressing the floating seal between the first plate member and the second plate member.
Abstract:
A sample cell apparatus for use in spectroscopic determination of an analyte in a body fluid sample includes a first plate member and a second plate member made from an optically clear material. A channel extending into a surface of the first plate member and an opposing surface of the second plate member houses a floating seal, which surrounds a fluid sample chamber. The fluid chamber is closed to define a repeatable optical path-length therethrough by urging the first plate member against the second plate member without compressing the floating seal between the first plate member and the second plate member. The seal channel is vented to prevent fluid pressure from flexing the first plate member or the second plate member. An actuator having an extended foot portion extends over the fluid chamber to help prevent flexing of the first plate member or the second plate member.
Abstract:
A method of referencing in optical absorption spectroscopy using broadband light sources for determining the concentration of substances in gaseous or fluid media through and to a device for measuring the concentration of substances in gaseous or fluid media within the measurement path of a measurement cell using absorption spectroscopy of light emitted from broadband light sources via light guiding optics.
Abstract:
A method is used to determine an absorption behavior of a medium. The method includes establishing an absorption coefficient of the medium using a first intensity value and at least one second intensity value and a length different between a first measurement distance and a second measurement distance. The first intensity value represents a measured first light intensity after passing over a first measurement distance in the medium. The second intensity value represents a measured second light intensity after passing over a second measurement distance in the medium. The first intensity value and the second intensity value are measured using light with a common initial intensity.
Abstract:
An optical spectrometer may include: an adjustable sampling space having two opposing side-walls between which in use a sample for analysis is charged and in at least one of which is formed an optical interface translucent to optical energy emitted by an optical energy source; an actuator mechanically coupled to one or both of the opposing side-walls and configured to operate in response to a command signal applied thereto to effect relative movement of the opposing side-walls; and/or an optical position sensor configured to detect interference fringes generated by the optical energy traversing a distance between the side-walls a plurality of times, having passed through the at least one optical interface, and configured to generate the command signal in dependence thereof. The adjustable sampling space may be brought into an analysis position at which the side-walls are relatively inclined to form a wedge shape.
Abstract:
A multilayered film and a method for performing spectroscopic measurements in a fluid are provided. The multilayered film includes a substrate; a porous layer adjacent to the substrate; and a reflective layer formed on the porous layer, wherein the porous layer selectively allows a component of a fluid to be optically measured when the multilayered film is immersed in the fluid. A sensor for spectroscopic measurements in crude oil samples including a multilayered film as above is also provided. A method of manufacturing a multilayered film for spectroscopic measurements in fluids as above is also provided.