公开(公告)号：US6037714A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-14

申请号：US581236

申请日：1995-12-29

Applicant: Vivek Mehrotra ,  Thomas F. McGee ,  Susan McGee ,  Jeroen Langevoort ,  Edward Young

Inventor： Vivek Mehrotra ,  Thomas F. McGee ,  Susan McGee ,  Jeroen Langevoort ,  Edward Young

IPC: H01J61/06 ,  H01J61/067 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J61/36 ,  H01J61/78

CPC classification number: H01J61/0677 ,  H01J61/067 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J61/36

Abstract: Novel emitter materials, electrode assemblies amd lamps comprising the same are provided in which, in accordance with the invention, novel electrodes are provided having a lamp electrode structure, preferably including a hollow ferrule for sealing in a lamp to permit evacuation; an emitter material of the invention on at least one surface thereof, preferably on a protrusion attached to the hollow ferrule; a thermal isolator, preferably in the form of a low thermal conductivity wire or an incised or cut-out portion of the hollow ferrule body, for thermally isolating the protrusion from the ferrule to maintain a sufficiently high temperature for thermionic emission, and further comprising an emitter material requiring no in-lamp processing. The emitter materials are a mixed oxide of Ba, Sr and mixtures thereof with one or more of the metals from the series comprising Ta, Ti, Zr, Sc, Y, and La, are preferably selected from the group consisting of Ba.sub.4 Ta.sub.2 O.sub.9, Ba.sub.5 Ta.sub.4 O.sub.15, BaY.sub.2 O.sub.4, BaCeO.sub.3, Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x Y.sub.2 O.sub.4, Ba.sub.2 TiO.sub.4, BaZrO.sub.3, Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x TiO.sub.3, and Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x ZrO.sub.3, wherein x ranges from a value of 0 to 1, and are most preferably one or more mixed oxides selected from the group consisting of Ba.sub.4 Ta.sub.2 O.sub.9, BaY.sub.2 O.sub.4, BaCeO.sub.3, Ba.sub.0.5 Sr.sub.0.5 Y.sub.2 O.sub.4, Ba.sub.0.75 Sr.sub.0.25 Y.sub.2 O.sub.4, Ba.sub.2 TiO.sub.4, BaZrO.sub.3, Ba.sub.0.5 Sr.sub.0.5 TiO.sub.3, and Ba.sub.0.5 Sr.sub.0.5 ZrO.sub.3.

Abstract translation: 提供了新的发射体材料，包括它们的电极组件amd灯，其中根据本发明提供了具有灯电极结构的新型电极，优选地包括用于密封灯以便排空的中空套圈; 本发明的发射体材料在其至少一个表面上，优选地在连接到中空套圈的突起上; 优选为导热性较弱的导线或中空套管主体的切口或切口部分的热隔离器，用于将突起与套圈热隔离以保持足够高的热离子发射温度，并且还包括 发射体材料不需要灯管内加工。 发射极材料是Ba，Sr的混合氧化物及其与一种或多种来自包含Ta，Ti，Zr，Sc，Y和La的系列的金属的混合物，优选选自Ba4Ta2O9，Ba5Ta4O15， BaY2O4，BaCeO3，BaxSr1-xY2O4，Ba2TiO4，BaZrO3，BaxSr1-xTiO3和BaxSr1-xZrO3，其中x为0至1，最优选为选自Ba4Ta2O9，BaY2O4中的一种或多种混合氧化物 ，BaCeO3，Ba0.5Sr0.5Y2O4，Ba0.75Sr0.25Y2O4，Ba2TiO4，BaZrO3，Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3，Ba0.5Sr0.5ZrO3。

公开(公告)号：US5905339A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-18

申请号：US764700

申请日：1996-12-04

Applicant: Hui-Meng Chow ,  Jose Azevedo ,  Susan McGee

Inventor： Hui-Meng Chow ,  Jose Azevedo ,  Susan McGee

IPC: H01J61/06 ,  H01J61/067 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J61/36 ,  H01J61/78

CPC classification number: H01J61/0677 ,  H01J61/067 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J61/36

Abstract: An electric gas discharge lamp includes an electrode having a tip portion comprised by a mesh body carrying an emitter material. The mesh body in a favorable embodiment is circular cylindrical and is attached via an electrically conductive thermal isolator to a conductive feed-through, such as a hollow ferrule, extending through a seal of the lamp vessel. As compared to a continuous walled tip portion of similar shape and material, the mesh body has a lower mass and heat capacity, and can therefore be operated at higher temperatures without increasing the temperature of the seal area. The higher operating temperature of the tip portion promotes greater electron emission from the emitter material, and therefore a lower cathode fall. A lower cathode fall enables the lamp to be operated at higher lamp currents for greater light output. The mesh body also has the capability to reduce sputtering from the electrode through improved adhesion of the emitter material to the tip portion and faster attainment of its nominal operating temperature as compared to a smooth continuous walled body. In a favorable embodiment, the lamp is a low pressure discharge lamp having an inside diameter of less than about 5 mm.

Abstract translation: 电气放电灯包括具有由承载发射体材料的网状体构成的尖端部分的电极。 在有利的实施例中的网状体是圆柱形的并且通过导电隔热器附接到延伸穿过灯泡的密封件的导电馈通，例如中空的套圈。 与具有类似形状和材料的连续的壁顶部相比，网状体具有较低的质量和热容量，因此可以在较高温度下操作而不增加密封区域的温度。 尖端部分的较高工作温度促进发射体材料的更大的电子发射，因此下部阴极下降。 较低的阴极下降使灯可以在更高的灯电流下工作，以获得更大的光输出。 与光滑的连续壁体相比，网状体还具有通过改善发射体材料对尖端部分的附着力和更快地达到其标称操作温度来减少从电极溅射的能力。 在有利的实施例中，灯是内径小于约5mm的低压放电灯。

公开(公告)号：US5686789A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-11

申请号：US403477

申请日：1995-03-14

Applicant: Karl H. Schoenbach ,  Wojciech W. Byszewski ,  Frank E. Peterkin ,  Amin N. Dharamsi

Inventor： Karl H. Schoenbach ,  Wojciech W. Byszewski ,  Frank E. Peterkin ,  Amin N. Dharamsi

IPC: H01J1/02 ,  H01J1/62 ,  H01J27/26 ,  H01J61/06 ,  H01J61/067 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J61/12 ,  H01J61/20 ,  H01J61/66 ,  H01J61/72 ,  H01S3/038

CPC classification number: H01J3/025 ,  H01J1/025 ,  H01J17/04 ,  H01J17/06 ,  H01J27/08 ,  H01J3/04 ,  H01J61/067 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J61/12 ,  H01J61/305 ,  H01J61/66 ,  H01J61/72 ,  H01S3/0385 ,  H01J61/78 ,  H01S3/03 ,  H01S3/0382 ,  H01S3/2383

Abstract: A discharge device for operation in a gas at a prescribed pressure includes a cathode having a plurality of micro hollows therein, and an anode spaced from the cathode. Each of the micro hollows has dimensions selected to produce a micro hollow discharge at the prescribed pressure. Preferably, each of the micro hollows has a cross-sectional dimension that is on the order of the mean free path of electrons in the gas. Electrical energy is coupled to the cathode and the anode at a voltage and current for producing micro hollow discharges in each of the micro hollows in the cathode. The discharge device may include a discharge chamber for maintaining the prescribed pressure. A dielectric layer may be disposed on the cathode when the spacing between the cathode and the anode is greater than about the mean free path of electrons in the gas. Applications of the discharge device include fluorescent lamps, excimer lamps, flat fluorescent light sources, miniature gas lasers, electron sources and ion sources.

Abstract translation: 用于在规定压力下操作气体的放电装置包括其中具有多个微型空腔的​​阴极和与阴极间隔开的阳极。 每个微型空腔具有选定的尺寸以在规定的压力下产生微细的中空排出。 优选地，每个微型空腔的​​横截面尺寸都是气体中电子的平均自由程的数量级。 电能以负极和电流耦合到阴极和阳极，用于在阴极中的每个微型空腔中产生微空心放电。 排出装置可以包括用于维持规定压力的排出室。 当阴极和阳极之间的间隔大于气体中电子的平均自由程时，电介质层可以设置在阴极上。 放电装置的应用包括荧光灯，准分子灯，平面荧光光源，微型气体激光器，电子源和离子源。

公开(公告)号：US5675214A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-07

申请号：US530503

申请日：1995-09-19

Applicant: Andreas S. G. Geven ,  Jeroen C. Langevoort ,  Henricus L. A. A. Vogels ,  Patricius W. M. Lepelaars ,  Hui-Meng Chow

Inventor： Andreas S. G. Geven ,  Jeroen C. Langevoort ,  Henricus L. A. A. Vogels ,  Patricius W. M. Lepelaars ,  Hui-Meng Chow

IPC: H01J61/09

CPC classification number: H01J61/09

Abstract: The low-pressure discharge lamp is discolsed having a lamp vessel into which hollow cylindrical electrodes enter, between which a discharge path extends. At least one of the electrodes has a tube at a distance from an end thereof, the tube extending in the discharge path. The tube is connected to the electrode by electrically conductive means and is coated with electron emissive material. The surface area of the material of the means in cross-section is at most 25% of the surface area of the material of the electrode in cross-section.

Abstract translation: 低压放电灯被歪斜，具有中空圆柱形电极进入其中的灯容器，排放路径延伸在其间。 电极中的至少一个具有距离其一端一定距离的管，该管在排出路径中延伸。 该管通过导电装置连接到该电极并且涂覆有电子发射材料。 横截面中装置材料的表面积至多为电极材料表面积的25％。

公开(公告)号：US5619101A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-08

申请号：US552111

申请日：1995-11-02

Applicant: Tomoyuki Ikedo ,  Yoshinobu Ito ,  Ryotaro Matui

Inventor： Tomoyuki Ikedo ,  Yoshinobu Ito ,  Ryotaro Matui

IPC: G01N21/01 ,  G01J3/10 ,  H01J61/04 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J61/68 ,  H01J17/02 ,  H01J1/88

CPC classification number: H01J61/04 ,  G01J3/10

Abstract: A gas discharge tube includes an envelope for sealing a gas, lead pins and a light-emitting assembly. The light-emitting assembly includes: a focusing electrode support member of a conductive material; a hot cathode for emitting thermoelectrons; an anode for receiving thermoelectrons; a focusing electrode for converging paths of thermoelectrons; a spacer of an insulator being arranged between the focusing electrode support member and the anode; and an anode support member of an insulator for pushing the anode onto the focusing electrode support member through the spacer. A gas discharge tube having a long service life and capable of improving the operational stability during long-time continuous light emission can be provided.

Abstract translation: 气体放电管包括用于密封气体的外壳，引脚和发光组件。 发光组件包括：导电材料的聚焦电极支撑构件; 用于发射热电子的热阴极; 用于接收热电子的阳极; 用于会聚热电子路径的聚焦电极; 绝缘体的间隔件布置在聚焦电极支撑构件和阳极之间; 以及用于通过间隔件将阳极推到聚焦电极支撑构件上的绝缘体的阳极支撑构件。 可以提供一种使用寿命长并能够提高长时间连续发光时的操作稳定性的气体放电管。

公开(公告)号：US5569976A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-29

申请号：US490208

申请日：1995-06-14

Applicant: Nikolai V. Gavrilov ,  Sergey P. Nikulin

Inventor： Nikolai V. Gavrilov ,  Sergey P. Nikulin

IPC: H01J27/14 ,  H01J61/09

CPC classification number: H01J27/14

Abstract: The emitter includes hollow cylindrical cathode, which has a multi-apertured emission window at one end, and a coaxial rod-shaped anode at the other end, mounted with a feed-through insulator. A magnetic coil is mounted coaxially on the outside of the cathode and creates a magnetic field. The cathode has an internal open chamber or space filled with a gas and with the applying of a voltage between the cathode and anode the gas discharge starts. The ions are extracted from the gas discharge plasma through the emission window.

Abstract translation: 发射器包括中空圆柱形阴极，其一端具有多孔发射窗口，另一端具有同轴的杆状阳极，安装有馈通绝缘体。 电磁线圈同轴地安装在阴极的外侧并产生磁场。 阴极具有填充有气体的内部开放室或空间，并且在阴极和阳极之间施加电压，气体放电开始。 通过发射窗从气体放电等离子体中提取离子。

公开(公告)号：US4437038A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-13

申请号：US43529

申请日：1979-05-29

Applicant: Vincent F. Link ,  George K. Yamasaki

Inventor： Vincent F. Link ,  George K. Yamasaki

IPC: H01J1/02 ,  H01J17/06 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J17/04

CPC classification number: H01J61/09 ,  H01J1/025 ,  H01J17/06

Abstract: A hollow cathode type light source is provided having improved operating stability by forming the cathode of an alloy of a highly reactive, unstable prime metal of interest for spectral emission, and of a chemically stable, readily sputtered metal. An alloy of silver and calcium with a small amount of magnesium provides a hollow cathode device which exhibits stable operation after a minimum warm-up time.

Abstract translation: 通过形成用于光谱发射的高反应性，不稳定的主要金属的合金的阴极和化学稳定的容易溅射的金属，提供了具有改进的操作稳定性的空心阴极型光源。 银和钙与少量镁的合金提供了一种空心阴极装置，其在最小预热时间后表现出稳定的操作。

公开(公告)号：US4320321A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-16

申请号：US133930

申请日：1980-03-25

Applicant: Vitaly V. Alexandrov ,  Anatoly I. Bezlepkin ,  Boris A. Konstantinov ,  Olga V. Melnikova ,  Anatoly S. Khomyak ,  Lev I. Schukin ,  Marat S. Chukin

Inventor： Vitaly V. Alexandrov ,  Anatoly I. Bezlepkin ,  Boris A. Konstantinov ,  Olga V. Melnikova ,  Anatoly S. Khomyak ,  Lev I. Schukin ,  Marat S. Chukin

IPC: H01J61/09 ,  H01J17/04 ,  H01J61/04

CPC classification number: H01J61/09

Abstract: A hollow-cathode gas-discharge tube comprises an anode and a cathode contained within a suitable envelope and isolated from one another, the cathode being provided with a cylindrical cavity having a diameter d, which is open on the side of the anode. The anode represents a hollow body of revolution arranged coaxially with the cathode cavity and composed of a hollow cylindrical portion mating a hollow variable-section portion. One portion of the anode represents a hollow cylindrical structure having a cavity diameter D, its bottom being provided with a central opening and disposed level with or below the end surface of the cathode. The other portion of the anode contains a cavity whose diameter evenly increases in the direction of emission from the cavity diameter D of the cylindrical portion of the anode, a height 1 of the cylindrical portion of the anode, its cavity diameter D, and the diameter d of the cylindrical cavity of the cathode being related to one another as follows:3d.ltoreq.1.ltoreq.6d2.ltoreq.D/d.ltoreq.4.

Abstract translation: 中空阴极气体放电管包括阳极和阴极，其包含在合适的外壳内并彼此隔离，阴极设置有具有在阳极侧开口的直径d的圆柱形空腔。 阳极表示与阴极腔同轴布置的中空的旋转体，由与中空可变截面部分配合的中空圆柱形部分组成。 阳极的一部分表示具有空腔直径D的中空圆柱形结构，其底部设置有中心开口，并且设置在阴极端面处或下方。 阳极的另一部分包含一个空腔，其直径从阳极的圆柱形部分的空腔直径D，阳极的圆柱形部分的高度1，其空腔直径D和直径 阴极的圆柱形空腔的d相互相关，如下所示：3d = D / d = d / d。

公开(公告)号：US4318614A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-09

申请号：US143573

申请日：1980-04-25

Applicant: Heinz Falk ,  Erwin Hoffman ,  Christian Ludke

Inventor： Heinz Falk ,  Erwin Hoffman ,  Christian Ludke

IPC: G01N21/67 ,  H01J61/09 ,  G01N21/71

CPC classification number: G01N21/67 ,  H01J61/09

Abstract: In a device for the emission spectral analysis of samples, including an evaporating tube for receiving and thermally evaporating a sample, and a hollow cathode and anode for athermally exciting the evaporated sample, the evaporation tube forms said cathode. The anode and cathode are mounted adjacent one another in spaced apart relationship along the axis of the tube.

Abstract translation: 在用于样品的发射光谱分析的装置中，包括用于接收和热蒸发样品的蒸发管，以及空心阴极和阳极，用于自发激发蒸发的样品，蒸发管形成所述阴极。 阳极和阴极沿着管的轴线以相互间隔开的关系彼此相邻地安装。

公开(公告)号：US4253038A

公开(公告)日：1981-02-24

申请号：US919610

申请日：1978-06-27

Applicant: Akira Hosoya ,  Kunihiro Maeda ,  Keiichi Kuniya ,  Sadami Tomita ,  Kohnosuke Ohishi

Inventor： Akira Hosoya ,  Kunihiro Maeda ,  Keiichi Kuniya ,  Sadami Tomita ,  Kohnosuke Ohishi

IPC: H01J61/09 ,  G01N21/31 ,  H01J1/02 ,  H01J61/68 ,  H01J1/14

CPC classification number: H01J1/025

Abstract: A light source is disclosed which can be used in atomic absorption analysis using the Zeeman effect. In operation, an external magnetic field is applied to the hollow cathode of the light source to cause the Zeeman-splitting of an emission line from the cathode material. The hollow cathode is made of a ferromagnetic metal as which is the element of interest for analysis and a metal for reducing the magnetic shield of the externally applied magnetic field by the ferromagnetic metal so that the external magnetic field effectively acts on the hollow portion of the cathode to provide the desired Zeeman-splitting. The hollow cathode is designed such that the product of the saturation flux densities of the cathode materials and the volume thereof is equal to or smaller than 0.2(Wb.multidot.m).times.10.sup.-6. The emission line from the cathode material is produced by excitation from a high frequency power supply, the power supply being connected to the cathode and the anode of the light source.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种可用于使用塞曼效应进行原子吸收分析的光源。 在操作中，将外部磁场施加到光源的中空阴极，以使来自阴极材料的发射线的塞曼分裂。 中空阴极由用于分析的元素的铁磁金属制成，并且金属用于通过强磁性金属减少外部施加的磁场的磁屏蔽，使得外部磁场有效地作用在 阴极以提供所需的塞曼分裂。 空心阴极的设计使得阴极材料的饱和磁通密度及其体积的乘积等于或小于0.2（Wb×m）×10-6。 来自阴极材料的发射线通过从高频电源的激发产生，电源连接到光源的阴极和阳极。