公开(公告)号：US11069507B2

公开(公告)日：2021-07-20

申请号：US16809736

申请日：2020-03-05

Applicant: University of Maryland, College Park ,  National Institute of Standards and Technology

Inventor： Michael Katz ,  Karl Schliep ,  June Lau ,  Jason J. Gorman

IPC: H01J37/20 ,  H01J37/26

Abstract: A sample carrier for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has a dielectric substrate with a conductive layer that forms a coplanar waveguide. The coplanar waveguide has a first and second leads formed by the conductive layer. The first lead is between an adjacent pair of second leads and is spaced from the second leads by a respective gap. The coplanar waveguide is configured to transmit an electrical signal to a specimen held by the sample carrier, in particular, an electrical signal having a frequency in the radio-frequency (RF) regime (3 kHz-300 GHz), for example, up to 100 GHz. The sample carrier may be mounted to a TEM sample holder, which supports the sample carrier within a vacuum chamber of the microscope and provides electrical connection between the leads of the sample carrier and an RF source external to the vacuum chamber.

公开(公告)号：US10553897B2

公开(公告)日：2020-02-04

申请号：US15172641

申请日：2016-06-03

Applicant: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： Terrence John Udovic

IPC: C01B35/02 ,  H01M10/052 ,  H01M10/054 ,  H01M10/0562

Abstract: A process for making a superionic conducting salt includes: combining a primary salt and an impact member, the primary salt including an ordered phase and being an ionic conductor; impacting the primary salt with the impact member; and converting the primary salt to the superionic conducting salt in response to impacting the primary salt with the impact member at a conversion temperature to make the superionic conducting salt, the conversion temperature optionally being less than a thermally activated transition temperature that thermally converts the primary salt to the superionic conducting salt in an absence of the impacting the primary salt, and the superionic conducting salt including a superionic conductive phase in a solid state at less than the thermally activated transition temperature.

公开(公告)号：US10174981B2

公开(公告)日：2019-01-08

申请号：US14480708

申请日：2014-09-25

Applicant: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： David Yashar

IPC: F25C1/00 ,  F25D29/00

Abstract: A system to make ice includes a refrigeration unit and an icemaker disposed in the refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit is configured to be subjected to a refrigeration cycle; the icemaker is configured to be subjected to a freeze cycle; and the system is configured such that the freeze cycle is synchronized with the refrigeration cycle, asynchronized with the refrigeration cycle, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. A process for controlling an icemaker includes providing a freeze cycle to an icemaker; providing a refrigeration cycle to a refrigeration unit; and constraining the freeze cycle and the refrigeration cycle to control the icemaker.

公开(公告)号：US10067031B2

公开(公告)日：2018-09-04

申请号：US15590005

申请日：2017-05-08

Applicant: California Institute of Technology ,  The Regents of the University of California ,  National Institute of Standards and Technology

Inventor： Kerry Vahala ,  John E. Bowers ,  Kartik A. Srinivasan ,  Scott B. Papp ,  Scott A. Diddams

IPC: G01M11/00 ,  H01S3/08 ,  H01S3/10 ,  G05D25/02

Abstract: A dual-comb optical-frequency comb generator includes a tunable comb-generating laser, a coarse-comb generator, a fine-comb generator, a second harmonic generator, a coarse-comb offset photodetector, a dual-comb offset photodetector, and a fine-comb photodetector. The coarse comb is self-referencing and coupled to the fine comb so as to enable absolute determination of the frequencies of the fine comb.

公开(公告)号：US09625313B2

公开(公告)日：2017-04-18

申请号：US14313999

申请日：2014-06-24

Applicant: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： John Lehman ,  Paul Williams ,  Robert Lee ,  Frank Maring

IPC: G01J1/56

CPC classification number: G01J1/56

Abstract: An optical meter includes a force member to receive a force and a reflector disposed on the force member to receive radiation and to communicate a pressure of the radiation to the force member. The reflector includes a reflective surface, and the force member is configured to be displaced in response to receiving the force comprising the pressure. The optical meter is configured to measure a power of the radiation, an energy of the radiation, or a combination thereof based on the pressure. A process for measuring a property of radiation includes receiving radiation by the reflector, reflecting radiation from the reflective surface, communicating a pressure from the reflector to the force member, and displacing the force member.

公开(公告)号：US09577175B1

公开(公告)日：2017-02-21

申请号：US14698442

申请日：2015-04-28

Applicant: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： Sae Woo Nam ,  Burm Baek ,  Francesco Marsili ,  Varun Verma

IPC: H01L39/10 ,  H01L39/02 ,  G01J1/42

CPC classification number: H01L39/02 ,  G01J1/42 ,  H01L39/10 ,  H01L39/12 ,  H01L39/24

Abstract: An apparatus includes a base layer; and a superconducting nanowire disposed on the base layer in a continuous meander pattern and including an amorphous metal-metalloid alloy such that the apparatus is configured to detect single photons, and the continuous meander pattern includes: a plurality of parallel line segments; and a plurality of curved segments, wherein adjacent parallel line segments are joined by a curved segment. A method for making an apparatus for detecting single photons includes forming a base layer; forming a superconducting layer on the base layer; patterning the superconducting layer; and forming a continuous meander pattern from the superconducting layer, the continuous meander pattern includes a plurality of parallel line segments; and a plurality of curved segments, wherein adjacent parallel line segments are joined by a curved segment; and forming a dielectric layer on the continuous meander pattern, the dielectric layer including a dielectric material that is substantially transparent to a predetermined photon wavelength, wherein the apparatus is configured to detect single photons.

Abstract translation: 一种装置包括：基层; 以及超导纳米线，其以连续的曲折图案设置在基底层上并且包括无定形金属 - 准金属合金，使得该装置被配置为检测单个光子，并且连续曲折图案包括：多个平行线段; 以及多个弯曲段，其中相邻的平行线段通过弯曲段连接。 用于制造用于检测单个光子的装置的方法包括形成基层; 在基层上形成超导层; 图案化超导层; 以及从所述超导层形成连续曲折图案，所述连续曲折图案包括多个平行线段; 以及多个弯曲段，其中相邻的平行线段通过弯曲段连接; 以及在所述连续弯曲图案上形成电介质层，所述电介质层包括对预定光子波长基本透明的介电材料，其中所述装置被配置为检测单个光子。

公开(公告)号：US09557625B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-31

申请号：US14710660

申请日：2015-05-13

Applicant: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： Ian Coddington ,  Laura Sinclair ,  Nathan R. Newbury ,  Lindsay Sonderhouse ,  William C Swann

IPC: G02F1/35 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/00 ,  G02F1/365 ,  H01S3/11 ,  G02F1/377

CPC classification number: G02F1/3532 ,  G02F1/365 ,  G02F1/3775 ,  G02F2001/3528 ,  G02F2203/56 ,  H01S3/0057 ,  H01S3/0092 ,  H01S3/06712 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/1118

Abstract: The present invention relates to a frequency comb article includes an oscillator; a fiber amplifier; a frequency doubler; a nonlinear fiber; and an interferometer, wherein the fiber amplifier and the nonlinear fiber include a polarization maintaining fiber, and the oscillator, frequency doubler, and interferometer are entirely polarization maintaining.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种包括振荡器的频率梳制品; 光纤放大器; 倍频器 非线性光纤; 以及干涉仪，其中所述光纤放大器和所述非线性光纤包括偏振保持光纤，并且所述振荡器，倍频器和干涉仪完全是极化保持。

公开(公告)号：US09557219B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-31

申请号：US14012436

申请日：2013-08-28

Applicant: The National Institute of Standards and Technology, The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of Commerce

Inventor： Nathan R. Newbury ,  Ian Coddington ,  William C. Swann

IPC: G01J3/453

CPC classification number: G01J3/453

Abstract: A method of comb-based spectroscopy for measuring a CW source at time-bandwidth limited resolution by using frequency combs with a high degree of mutual coherence (

Abstract translation: 一种基于梳状光谱的方法，用于通过使用具有高相互相干度（<1弧度相位噪声）的频率梳来测量时间带宽有限分辨率下的CW源。

公开(公告)号：US09548092B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-17

申请号：US13690803

申请日：2012-11-30

Applicant: The National Institute of Standards and Technology, The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of Commerce

Inventor： Curt Andrew Richter ,  Hyuk-Jae Jang

IPC: G11C11/14 ,  G11C11/16 ,  H01L43/08 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L27/22

CPC classification number: G11C11/161 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G11C11/16 ,  H01L27/222 ,  H01L29/66984 ,  H01L43/08

Abstract: A spin transport channel includes a dielectric layer contacting a conductive layer. The dielectric layer includes at least one of a tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, titanium oxide, and nickel oxide. An intermediate spin layer contacts the dielectric layer. The intermediate spin layer includes at least one of copper and silver. The conductive layer is more electrochemically inert than the intermediate spin layer. A polarizer layer contacts the intermediate spin layer. The polarizer layer includes one of a nickel-iron based material, iron, and cobalt based material. The conductive layer and intermediate layer are disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer and the polarizer layer are disposed on opposite sides of the intermediate spin layer. The intermediate spin layer is arranged to form a conducting path through the dielectric layer configured to transport a plurality of electrons. Each of the plurality of electrons maintains a polarized electron spin.

Abstract translation: 自旋传输通道包括与导电层接触的电介质层。 电介质层包括氧化钽，氧化铪，氧化钛和氧化镍中的至少一种。 中间自旋层接触电介质层。 中间旋涂层包括铜和银中的至少一种。 导电层比中间旋涂层更具电化学惰性。 偏光层接触中间旋涂层。 偏振层包括镍 - 铁基材料，铁和钴基材料中的一种。 导电层和中间层设置在电介质层的相对侧上。 电介质层和偏振层设置在中间旋涂层的相对侧上。 中间自旋层被布置成形成穿过介电层的导电路径，该电介质层配置成传输多个电子。 多个电子中的每一个保持偏振电子自旋。

公开(公告)号：US09535085B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-03

申请号：US14816438

申请日：2015-08-03

Applicant: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ,  Gheorghe Stan

Inventor： Gheorghe Stan ,  Richard S. Gates

IPC: G01Q10/00 ,  G01Q60/34

CPC classification number: G01Q10/00 ,  G01Q60/34

Abstract: An intermittent contact atomic force microscope includes: a cantilever configured to receive a contact resonance modulation; a sample disposed proximate to the cantilever; a contact resonance modulator in communication with the cantilever and configured to provide the contact resonance modulation to the cantilever; and a scan modulator in mechanical communication with the sample to provide a scan modulation to the sample. Also disclosed is a process for performing intermittent contact atomic force microscopy, the process includes: providing a dual modulation microscope including: a cantilever configured to receive a contact resonance modulation; a sample disposed proximate to the cantilever; a contact resonance modulator in communication with the cantilever and configured to provide the contact resonance modulation to the cantilever; and a scan modulator in mechanical communication with the sample to provide a scan modulation to the sample; subjecting the cantilever to the contact resonance modulation; modulating the cantilever at a contact resonance frequency; subjecting the sample to the scan modulation; and modulating the sample at a scan modulation frequency to perform intermittent contact atomic force microscopy.

Abstract translation: 间歇接触原子力显微镜包括：构造成接收接触共振调制的悬臂; 靠近悬臂设置的样品; 接触谐振调制器，其与所述悬臂通信并且被配置为向所述悬臂提供所述接触共振调制; 以及与样品机械通信以向样品提供扫描调制的扫描调制器。 还公开了一种用于执行间歇接触原子力显微镜的方法，所述方法包括：提供双调制显微镜，其包括：构造成接收接触谐振调制的悬臂; 靠近悬臂设置的样品; 接触谐振调制器，其与所述悬臂通信并且被配置为向所述悬臂提供所述接触共振调制; 以及扫描调制器，与样品机械通信以向样品提供扫描调制; 对悬臂进行接触共振调制; 以接触共振频率调制悬臂; 对样品进行扫描调制; 并以扫描调制频率调制样品，进行间歇接触原子力显微镜。