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    Sulfite-based processes for producing nanocellulose, and compositions and products produced therefrom
    1.
    发明授权
    Sulfite-based processes for producing nanocellulose, and compositions and products produced therefrom 有权
    用于生产纳米纤维的基于亚硫酸盐的方法，以及由其制备的组合物和产品

    公开(公告)号：US09399840B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-07-26

    申请号：US14584593

    申请日：2014-12-29

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Kimberly Nelson ,  Theodora Retsina ,  Vesa Pylkkanen ,  Ryan O'Connor

    IPC: D21H11/18 ,  D21H21/32 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21H17/66 ,  D21H11/06 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C9/00 ,  D21C9/10

    CPC classification number: D21H11/18 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21H11/06 ,  D21H17/66 ,  D21H21/32

    Abstract: Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with sulfur dioxide or a sulfite compound and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.

    Abstract translation: 所公开的方法能够以低机械能输入将生物质转化为高结晶度纳米纤维素。 在一些变型中，该方法包括用二氧化硫或亚硫酸盐化合物和水分解生物质，以产生富含纤维素的固体和含有半纤维素和木质素的液体; 并机械处理富含纤维素的固体以形成纳米原纤维和/或纳米晶体。 总机械能可能小于500千瓦时/吨。 纳米纤维素材料的结晶度可以为80％以上，转化为复合材料的良好的增强性能。 纳米纤维素材料可以包括纳米纤维化纤维素，纳米晶纤维素或两者。 在一些实施方案中，通过将一些木质素沉积到纤维素表面上，纳米纤维素材料是疏水的。 任选地，衍生自无定形纤维素和半纤维素的糖可以单独发酵，例如用于各种聚合物的单体。 这些聚合物可与纳米纤维素结合形成完全可再生的复合材料。

    Processes and apparatus for lignin separation in biorefineries
    2.
    发明授权
    Processes and apparatus for lignin separation in biorefineries 有权
    生物精炼厂木质素分离的工艺和设备

    公开(公告)号：US09322072B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-04-26

    申请号：US14066534

    申请日：2013-10-29

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Theodora Retsina ,  Vesa Pylkkanen ,  Kimberly Nelson ,  Mark Szczepanik

    IPC: C13K1/00 ,  C07G1/00 ,  C08B37/00 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K13/00

    CPC classification number: C07G1/00 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C13K1/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K1/04 ,  C13K13/00 ,  Y02E50/343

    Abstract: The present invention generally provides methods of improving lignin separation during biomass fractionation with an acid to release sugars and a solvent for lignin (such as ethanol). In some embodiments, a digestor is employed to fractionating a feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin, sulfur dioxide, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin. A solid additive is added to the digestor, wherein the solid additive combines with at least a portion of the lignin. Then a mixture of lignin and the solid additive is separated from the liquor, prior to hemicellulose recovery. Optionally, a solid additive may also be introduced to a hydrolysis reactor for converting hemicellulose oligomers to monomers, to improve separation of acid-catalyzed lignin. In some embodiments, the solid additive is gypsum or a gypsum/lignin mixture.

    Abstract translation: 本发明通常提供在用酸释放糖和用于木质素（例如乙醇）的溶剂的生物质分馏过程中改善木质素分离的方法。 在一些实施方案中，消化剂用于在木素，二氧化硫和水的溶剂存在下分馏原料，以产生含有半纤维素，富含纤维素的固体和木质素的液体。 将固体添加剂加入到消化器中，其中固体添加剂与至少一部分木质素结合。 然后在半纤维素回收之前将木质素和固体添加剂的混合物与液体分离。 任选地，也可以将固体添加剂引入水解反应器以将半纤维素低聚物转化为单体，以改善酸催化的木质素的分离。 在一些实施方案中，固体添加剂是石膏或石膏/木质素混合物。

    Corrosion-inhibiting deicers derived from biomass
    3.
    发明授权
    Corrosion-inhibiting deicers derived from biomass 有权
    来自生物质的腐蚀抑制剂

    公开(公告)号：US08845923B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-09-30

    申请号：US14141421

    申请日：2013-12-27

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Vesa Pylkkanen ,  Kimberly Nelson

    IPC: C09K3/18 ,  C07C51/41

    CPC classification number: C09K3/18 ,  C07C51/41 ,  C07C51/412 ,  C09K3/185

    Abstract: In some variations, the invention provides a deicer composition comprising alkali acetate, a solvent (such as water) for the alkali acetate, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising lignin or a lignin derivative. The acetate and the lignin or lignin derivative are preferably each derived from the same biomass feedstock. In some embodiments, the alkali is selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the alkali acetate is present in a concentration from about 30 wt % to about 99 wt %. Deicer products may be a crystallized or dried form of the deicer composition.

    Abstract translation: 在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种除冰组合物，其包含碱性乙酸盐，用于碱性乙酸盐的溶剂（例如水）和包含木质素或木质素衍生物的腐蚀抑制剂。 乙酸盐和木质素或木质素衍生物优选各自衍生自相同的生物质原料。 在一些实施方案中，碱选自钾，钠，镁，钙及其组合。 在一些实施方案中，碱性乙酸盐以约30重量％至约99重量％的浓度存在。 除冰产品可以是除冰组合物的结晶或干燥形式。

    Compatibilizers for polymer-nanocellulose composites
    4.
    发明授权
    Compatibilizers for polymer-nanocellulose composites 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10793700B2

    公开(公告)日：2020-10-06

    申请号：US15760256

    申请日：2016-09-16

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Asis Kumar Banerjie ,  Kimberly Nelson

    IPC: C08L1/04 ,  C08L101/00 ,  C08L67/04 ,  C08L25/06 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C09D197/00

    Abstract: This disclosure provides a polymer composite including a polymer, nanocellulose, and a compatibilizer, wherein the nanocellulose comprises cellulose nanocrystals and/or cellulose nanofibrils, and wherein the compatibilizer comprises a maleated polymer. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose includes lignin-coated nanocellulose. The polymer may be selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polylactide, or poly(ethylene terephthalate). The maleated polymer may be selected from maleated polyethylene, maleated polypropylene, maleated polystyrene, maleated polylactide, or maleated poly(ethylene terephthalate. Other variations provide a process for compatibilizing a polymer with nanocellulose, comprising: providing a polymer; providing nanocellulose comprising cellulose nanocrystals and/or cellulose nanofibrils; providing a maleated polymer; and combining the polymer, the nanocellulose, and the maleated polymer, wherein the maleated polymer functions as a compatibilizer between the polymer and the nanocellulose.

    Nanocellulose-reinforced corrugated medium
    5.
    发明授权
    Nanocellulose-reinforced corrugated medium 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10435841B2

    公开(公告)日：2019-10-08

    申请号：US15583208

    申请日：2017-05-01

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Theodora Retsina ,  Kimberly Nelson ,  Lee Hill ,  Vesa Pylkkanen ,  Timothy J. Galliford

    IPC: D21H11/16 ,  D21H11/08 ,  D21H11/02 ,  D21H27/40 ,  D21C1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C9/00 ,  D21H11/18

    Abstract: The present invention provides a pulp product (e.g., paper) comprising cellulose and nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose is derived from the cellulose in a mechanical and/or chemical step that is separate from the main pulping process. The pulping process may be thermomechanical pulping or hydrothermal-mechanical pulping, for example. The pulp product is stronger and smoother with the presence of the nanocellulose. The nanocellulose further can function as a retention aid, for a step of forming the pulp product (e.g., in a paper machine). Other embodiments provide a corrugated medium pulp composition comprising cellulose pulp and nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose includes cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals and the nanocellulose may be hydrophobic. The nanocellulose improves the strength properties of the corrugated medium. In some embodiments, the cellulose pulp is a GreenBox+® pulp and the nanocellulose is derived from the AVAP® process.

    PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS, AND PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    7.
    发明申请
    PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS, AND PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS OBTAINED THEREFROM 审中-公开
    从生物质生物质生产药物制剂的方法及其获得的药物制剂

    公开(公告)号：US20160184438A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-06-30

    申请号：US14980065

    申请日：2015-12-28

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Kimberly Nelson ,  Theodora Retsina ,  Vesa Pylkkanen

    IPC: A61K47/38 ,  C08B15/08

    CPC classification number: A61K47/38 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H6/00 ,  C08H8/00

    Abstract: In some variations, the invention provides a process for producing a microcrystalline cellulose material, comprising: fractionating lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in the presence of an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; chemically and/or mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form microcrystalline cellulose having an average crystallinity of at least 60%; and recovering the microcrystalline cellulose as a pharmaceutical excipient. The pharmaceutical excipient may function as an antiadherent, a binder, a coating, or a disintegrant. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical excipient further comprises a lignin-derived lubricant, glidant, sorbent, preservative, or other component. The pharmaceutical excipient may be present in a pill, tablet, capsule, powder, slurry, or other pharmaceutically effective and acceptable form.

    Abstract translation: 在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种用于生产微晶纤维素材料的方法，包括：在酸，木质素和水的溶剂存在下分解木质纤维素生物质原料，以产生富含纤维素的固体和含有半纤维素和木质素的液体 ; 化学和/或机械处理富含纤维素的固体以形成平均结晶度至少为60％的微晶纤维素; 并回收作为药物赋形剂的微晶纤维素。 药物赋形剂可用作抗粘附剂，粘合剂，包衣或崩解剂。 在一些实施方案中，药物赋形剂还包含来自木质素的润滑剂，助流剂，吸附剂，防腐剂或其它组分。 药物赋形剂可以以丸剂，片剂，胶囊，粉末，浆液或其它药学上有效和可接受的形式存在。

    Processes and systems for producing nanocellulose from old corrugated containers
    10.
    发明授权
    Processes and systems for producing nanocellulose from old corrugated containers 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10753042B2

    公开(公告)日：2020-08-25

    申请号：US15629832

    申请日：2017-06-22

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Kimberly Nelson ,  Theodora Retsina ,  Lee Hill

    IPC: D21C5/00

    Abstract: In some variations, OCC is screened, cleaned, deinked, and mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The OCC may be subjected to further chemical, physical, or thermal processing, prior to mechanical refining. For example, the OCC may be subjected to hot-water extraction, or fractionation with an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanocrystals, OCC is exposed to AVAP® digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is optionally bleached and is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanocrystals. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanofibrils, OCC is exposed to GreenBox+® digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The site of a system to convert OCC to nanocellulose may be co-located with an existing OCC processing site. The nanocellulose line may be a bolt-on retrofit system to existing infrastructure. In other embodiments, a dedicated plant for converting OCC to nanocellulose is used.

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