Separation of complex mixtures by shearing
    4.
    发明授权
    Separation of complex mixtures by shearing 有权
    通过剪切分离复杂混合物

    公开(公告)号:US07850843B2

    公开(公告)日:2010-12-14

    申请号:US11231709

    申请日:2005-09-20

    Inventor: Richard N. Zare

    CPC classification number: C10G15/08

    Abstract: A more energy-efficient method of processing crude oil is achieved by viscoelastic shearing in order to increase the vapor pressure of the crude oil. This change in vapor pressure allows a more efficient separation of volatile components from non-volatile components in the crude oil. By optimizing the energy expenditure for shearing and the energy expenditure for separating the volatile components from the non-volatile components of the crude oil, while simultaneously removing the volatile components by distillation, one can reduce the overall energy input for the separation. Alternatively, it is possible to affect the distillation at a reduced temperature.

    Abstract translation: 通过粘弹性剪切实现加工原油的更节能的方法,以增加原油的蒸汽压力。 蒸汽压力的这种变化允许挥发性组分与原油中非挥发性组分的更有效的分离。 通过优化用于剪切的能量消耗和用于将挥发性组分与原油的非挥发性组分分离的能量消耗,同时通过蒸馏除去挥发性组分,可以减少分离的总能量输入。 或者,可以在降低的温度下影响蒸馏。

    METHOD OF COATING AN ELECTROSPRAY EMITTER
    7.
    发明申请
    METHOD OF COATING AN ELECTROSPRAY EMITTER 失效
    涂覆电喷雾器的方法

    公开(公告)号:US20080265153A1

    公开(公告)日:2008-10-30

    申请号:US11332782

    申请日:2006-01-12

    CPC classification number: C23C18/44 C25D3/48 C25D5/34 C25D7/00

    Abstract: The present invention provides a method of coating an electrospray emitter with silver and then gold utilizing wet-coating processes. First, the electrospray emitter is immersed in a silver-containing liquid solution to coat the electrospray emitter in a layer of silver. Next, the silver-coated electrospray emitter is removed from the silver solution and rinsed with water. The silver-coated electrospray emitter is then annealed to stabilize the silver layer. Once the silver layer has been stabilized, the silver-coated electrospray emitter is immersed into a gold-containing liquid solution and a voltage is applied. This voltage serves to electrochemically deposit a gold layer onto the silver layer. The gold- and silver-coated electrospray emitter is then removed from the gold-containing liquid solution and rinsed with water and, preferably, with nitric acid.

    Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种使用湿涂层方法用银涂覆电喷雾发射器的方法,然后使用金涂覆电喷雾发射器。 首先,将电喷射发射器浸入含银液体溶液中,以涂覆银层中的电喷发射体。 接下来,将银涂布的电喷雾发射器从银溶液中取出并用水冲洗。 然后将镀银电喷发射体退火以稳定银层。 一旦银层已经稳定,将银涂覆的电喷雾发射器浸入含金液体溶液中并施加电压。 该电压用于在银层上电化学沉积金层。 然后将金和银涂层的电喷雾发射器从含金液体溶液中除去,并用水冲洗,最好用硝酸冲洗。

    Cavity-locked ring down spectroscopy
    8.
    发明授权
    Cavity-locked ring down spectroscopy 失效
    腔锁定环下光谱

    公开(公告)号:US6084682A

    公开(公告)日:2000-07-04

    申请号:US61080

    申请日:1998-04-15

    CPC classification number: G01N21/39 G01N2021/391

    Abstract: Distinct locking and sampling light beams are used in a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) system to perform multiple ring-down measurements while the laser and ring-down cavity are continuously locked. The sampling and locking light beams have different frequencies, to ensure that the sampling and locking light are decoupled within the cavity. Preferably, the ring-down cavity is ring-shaped, the sampling light is s-polarized, and the locking light is p-polarized. Transmitted sampling light is used for ring-down measurements, while reflected locking light is used for locking in a Pound-Drever scheme.

    Abstract translation: 不同的锁定和采样光束在空腔衰减光谱(CRDS)系统中被使用,以在激光和衰减腔被连续锁定的同时进行多次衰减测量。 采样和锁定光束具有不同的频率,以确保采样和锁定光在腔内解耦。 优选地,环形腔是环形的,采样光是s偏振的,并且锁定光是p偏振的。 发射采样灯用于衰减测量,而反射锁定灯用于锁定Pound-Drever方案。

    Ring resonant cavities for spectroscopy
    9.
    发明授权
    Ring resonant cavities for spectroscopy 失效
    用于光谱的环谐振腔

    公开(公告)号:US5912740A

    公开(公告)日:1999-06-15

    申请号:US879975

    申请日:1997-06-20

    CPC classification number: G01N21/39 G01J3/10 G01J3/42

    Abstract: Ring-shaped resonant cavities for spectroscopy allow a reduction in optical feedback to the light source, and provide information on the interaction of both s- and p-polarized light with samples. A laser light source is locked to a single cavity mode. An intracavity acousto-optic modulator may be used to couple light into the cavity. The cavity geometry is particularly useful for Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS).

    Abstract translation: 用于光谱的环形谐振腔允许减少对光源的光学反馈,并提供关于s和p偏振光与样本的相互作用的信息。 激光光源被锁定到单腔模式。 可以使用腔内声光调制器将光耦合到腔中。 腔体几何形状特别适用于腔内环形光谱(CRDS)。

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