Abstract:
Electrostatic charge is detected in a turbulently flowing material by arranging an electrode so that there is induced on it a potential dependent on the charge concentration in the material, and sensing the magnitude of the alternating component of the induced potential due to the turbulence.
Abstract:
When electromagnetic radiation is passed through a heterogeneous material such as a slurry or suspension, part of the radiation will be scattered by the suspending medium and part by the solid particles contained in said medium. If, for example, the radiation used is X-radiation, and if the suspending medium consists of a relatively low atomic number material while the particles consist of a relatively high atomic number material, then due to the fundamental properties of scattered X-rays the bulk of the Compton or modified scattered X-rays will come from the suspending medium, and the Rayleigh or unmodified scattering will come both from the particles and the suspending medium. If the X-ray energy is suitable, the Rayleigh scattering will be independent of the size of the particles, but the Compton scattering will be markedly dependent on the size of the particles. Comparison of the Compton scattering or of the Rayleigh and Compton scattering provides a measure of the size of the solid particles.
Abstract:
Apparatus for the treatment of ores and other solid materials containing fractions of different density comprises a conveyor surface for conveying a suspension of the material upwardly against a downward flow of wash liquid, and shaking means for imparting a shaking motion to the surface to facilitate separation of the fractions contained in the material. In different embodiments, the apparatus comprises (a) washing means for supplying wash liquid to the surface in a dropwise fashion from above the surface at a series of positions spaced across the surface transversely to the direction in which the material is conveyed by the surface, (b) means for feeding the material on to the surface along each of those two sides thereof which are disposed in the general direction in which the material is conveyed by the surface (c) means for imparting a first orbital shaking motion to the surface to facilitate the initial separation of the fractions contained in the material and means for imparting a second orbital shaking motion to the surface of higher amplitude and/or lower frequency than the first to facilitate discharge of the lighter fractions from the surface.
Abstract:
A device for injecting electric charge into fluids consists of a p-n junction diode having the junctions so positioned that an active region of the semi-conductor is in contact with the fluid. A reverse electric field of a magnitude sufficient to release charge carriers having energies greater than the potential barrier at the surface of the semi-conductor is applied to the junction so that charge carriers are emitted from the active region. An electrode is also immersed in the fluid to enable a drift field to be established to attract charge carriers in the fluid away from the surface of the semi-conductor.
Abstract:
The recognition of signals having specific periods is described particularly in relation to recognising vowels. Characteristic frequencies in vowels are recognised by circuits which delay the input signals for an interval related to a frequency to be recognised, correlate the delayed signals with undelayed input signals and integrate the resultant over a short period comparable with the duration of the vowel sound. The magnitude and sign of the integrated signal indicates whether the required signal is present. In order to deal with speech an incoming signal is first passed to a special form of AGC circuit and then divided into low and high frequency components. The presence of characteristic frequencies in these components is determined by the technique described above, and logic circuits indicate what combinations of frequencies and thus what vowels are present.
Abstract:
The invention is concerned with an anti-roll stabilization system for ships of the kind in which a fin, in operation, protrudes from the ship below the water-line and is angularly displaced about its axis by power means in response to a fin control signal, wherein a primary signal produced by a sensing device responsive to rolling motion of the ship is processed by a configuration of operational amplifiers programmed to produce a fin control signal having the required phase advance, gain/frequency characteristic to position the fin to reduce the rolling moment of the ship.
Abstract:
Apparatus for guiding an edge portion of an article through a stitching machine has supports for supporting the article and sensor means such as a fluid jet and sensor interrupted by the edge of the cloth. The sensor means provides a sewing guidance signal indicative of the position of the edge of the article to be stitched and means responsive to the sewing guidance signal move one or more of the supports to guide the said edge towards the said predetermined position. Preferably the supports support a tubular article in tubular form. In cases where the edge of a tubular article after the stitching operation is displaced relative to the position the edge had before the stitching operation, there may be included seam detector means arranged to detect the beginning of the stitched edge of the tubular article and to discontinue guidance of the edge.
Abstract:
WHERE X1 is halogen, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl, X2, X3 and X4 are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl, R1 and R2 and hydrogen or alkyl and R3 is a group having carbon-carbon unsaturation Alpha to the CH2 group to which R3 is bonded, e.g., R3 phenyl, are prepared by esterification.
Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, having no methyl substituent in the 3 position on the cyclopentenone ring, and of formula
Abstract:
A process for producing a composite material article comprising inserting an inner member together with a mixture of fibrous reinforcement impregnated with partially cured resin, the mixture at least partially enveloping the inner member, into a hollow sheath wherein the mixture fills the space between the inner member and the hollow sheath.
Abstract:
A magnetic lens, for focusing a beam of charged particles, includes a coil at least part of which, at an end thereof, tapers conically with a half-angle between 20* and 85*. The coil may comprise a plurality of conductors laid concurrently, and cooling means may be provided in contact with the inner surface. Desirably, the coil is shrouded, at least in part, with material of high magnetic permeability. Radiation such as X-rays, from a target in focus beyond the tapering end of the coil, may be detected over a large solid angle.