Abstract:
An electron field emission device is provided by placing a substrate in a reactor, heating the substrate and supplying a mixture of hydrogen and a carbon-containing gas at a concentration of about 8 to 13 per cent to the reactor while supplying energy to the mixture of gases near the substrate for a time to grow a first layer of carbon-based material to a thickness greater than about 0.5 micrometers, subsequently reducing the concentration of the carbon-containing gas and continuing to grow a second layer of carbon-based material, the second layer being much thicker than the first layer. The substrate is subsequently removed from the first layer and an electrode is applied to the second layer. The device is free-standing and can be used as a cold cathode in a variety of electronic devices such as cathode ray tubes, amplifiers and traveling wave tubes. The surface of the substrate may be patterned before growth of the first layer to produce a patterned surface on the field emission device.
Abstract:
A cathode has electropositive atoms directly bonded to a carbon-containing substrate. Preferably, the substrate comprises diamond or diamond-like (sp.sup.3) carbon, and the electropositive atoms are Cs. The cathode displays superior efficiency and durability. In one embodiment, the cathode has a negative electron affinity (NEA). The cathode can be used for field emission, thermionic emission, or photoemission. Upon exposure to air or oxygen, the cathode performance can be restored by annealing or other methods. Applications include detectors, electron multipliers, sensors, imaging systems, and displays, particularly flat panel displays.
Abstract:
Carbon cone and carbon whisker field emitters are disclosed. These field emitters find particular usefulness in field emitter cathodes and display panels utilizing said cathodes. The carbon cone and carbon whisker field emitters can be formed by ion beam bombardment (e.g., ion beam etching) of carbon materials (e.g., bulk carbon, carbon films or carbon fibers).
Abstract:
A cold-cathode discharge device for emitting light. The device has a fluorescent tube and electrodes containing R.sub.2 O.sub.3-z (where R is an atom or an atom group of rare earth elements, O is oxygen, and z is 0.0 to 1.0). The electrodes are made by oxidation of the rare earth elements under an atmosphere in which oxygen and/or oxygen-containing substance is 1% or less by volume, in order to control the stoichiometry of the oxide.
Abstract translation:一种用于发光的冷阴极放电装置。 该装置具有荧光管和含有R 2 O 3 -z的电极(其中R为稀土元素的原子或原子团,O为氧,z为0.0〜1.0)。 为了控制氧化物的化学计量,在氧和/或含氧物质为1体积%以下的气氛下,通过稀土元素的氧化来制造电极。
Abstract:
In a system containing an electron field emitter array characterized by aying diamond powder to a substrate and affixing the powder thereto, the diamond powder being composed of particles having sharp tips which are adapted to emit electrons in a vacuum and in an electric field, which electrons impact a phosphor layer disposed on an anode spaced above the tips of the diamond powder particles.