Abstract:
A semiconductor integrated circuit (39) comprising: a plurality of selectable pathways (23) inter-connected between a plurality of data sources and data destinations (11, 13, 15, 17, 19); a cryptographic circuit (9) connected to the selectable pathways (23) and arranged to selectively receive data at an input (24) from at least one of the data sources, to decrypt or encrypt the data in accordance with a key, and selectively provide the encrypted or decrypted data to at least one of the data destinations via an output (26); an instruction interpreter (29) arranged to receive as an input an instruction signal (33) and to generate therefrom an output (31) to control the plurality of selectable pathways (23) to select from which of the data sources the cryptographic circuit (9) receives data and to which destination the cryptographic circuit (9) provides data; the instruction interpreter (29) being configured such that the instruction signal (33) defines a data pathway configuration of the system, and such that it operates in accordance with a rule which limits the data pathway configurations which are selectable. Preferably, the instruction interpreter (29), cryptographic circuit (9) and data pathways (23) are all contained on a single monolithic semiconductor integrated circuit (39).
Abstract:
A receiver (20) for receiving an incoming signal over a communication medium includes an echo canceller (44), which is adapted to receive an outgoing signal transmitted over the communication medium, and to process the outgoing signal using a set of variable processing coefficients in order to generate an echo cancellation signal. A summer (46) combines the incoming signal with the echo cancellation signal so as to generate an echo-cancelled signal. An equalizer (48) applies an equalization operation to the echo-cancelled signal so as to generate an equalized signal. A residual echo cancellation circuit (58) processes the equalized signal so as to adaptively update the variable processing coefficients of the echo canceller.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a voltage reference generator which can be produced using new process technologies and which is still compatible with older designs/products. This is achieved by the introduction of circuitry to generate an offset voltage independently of the main reference voltage generation circuitry.
Abstract:
A method of producing a semiconductor circuit is disclosed with an area saving in comparison to conventional circuit layouts. IO cells are arranged with a width multiplied by a factor, but with corresponding reduced height. ESD protection circuitry is included at a reduced rate in comparison to usual arrangements. The space saving is achieved by occupying a semiconductor area that would have been used by ESD circuitry with the IO circuitry. ESD protection is maintained but at different locations.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a circuit used in the output stage of an operational amplifier which allows a rail to rail swing of the output voltage while consuming low quiescent power. The circuit comprising first (Q1) and second (Q2) control elements each having a controllable path and a control node. The circuit further comprises a third control element (Q3) having a controllable path connected between said control nodes of said first and second control elements via a resisted path (R1,R2). A voltage indicative of a signal input to amplifier is received by a node on the resistive path (R1,R2), such that current flow through the controllable path of said first control element (Q1) and said third element (Q3) changes in response to a change in the voltage at said node; and such that current flow through said controllable path of said second element (Q2) changes independence on the current flow through the controllable path of said third control elements (Q3), whereby as one of the first and second control elements (Q1,Q2) is turned on, the other is held off.
Abstract:
Method and computer graphics accelerator apparatus for determining whether a pixel at predetermined pixel co-ordinates in an area being rasterised is within a triangle defining a sub-area of the area. The system in relation to which the triangle is defined is translated such that the pixel co-ordinates are disposed at the origin of the system. Determinants of matrices based on at least two of the coordinate values of at least two of the vertices are calculated and their signs compared.
Abstract:
A digital camera for capturing and processing images of different resolutions is described together with a method for down-scaling a digital image. The method comprises the steps of forming an image of a real scene on an image sensor (4) comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, addressing and reading pixels in the matrix to obtain analogue quantities related with the pixels luminance values, converting (5) the analogue quantities from the pixels matrix into digital values and processing (6-13) the digital values to obtain a data file representing the image of the real scene. To reduce computation time and power consumption the step of addressing and reading pixels includes the steps of selecting a group of pixels from the matrix, storing the analogue quantities related with the pixels of the selected group of pixels into analogue storing means (14) and averaging the stored analogue quantities to obtain an analogue quantity corresponding to an average pixel luminance value.
Abstract:
A cache memory comprises a fetch engine arranged to issue fetch requests for accessing data items from locations in a main memory identified by access addresses in a program being executed, a pre-fetch engine controlled to issue pre-fetch requests for speculatively accessing pre-fetch data items from locations in said main memory identified by addresses which are determined as being a number of locations from respective ones of said access addresses, and a calibrator arranged to selectively vary said number of locations.