Abstract:
A method and apparatus for testing circuit boards using two or a small number of probes for making resistive and radio frequence impedance measurements, e.g., capacitive measurements. The combination of resistive and impedance measurements substantially reduces the number of tests required to verify the integrity of a circuit board. The impedance of capacitive "norm" values used in testing the circuit boards can be obtained by operating the system in a learning mode. Analysis of the data provides not only fault detection but can also indicate approximate fault location.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for automatically sensing and for maintaining registration of each of the color cylinders utilized in a multi-color printing press is disclosed. Predetermined register marks are printed in the non-image areas on the sheet to be printed. Typically, in a four-color printing process, the black image is used as a reference, and registration of the other three image colors is achieved relative to the black image. Accordingly, a register mark for each process color is printed in the same location as a corresponding black reference register mark. The reference register marks are configured such that the average reflectance of the printed overlay will change as the registration of the color image changes with respect to the black image. In general, the configuration of the register marks for the black and color images differs. The reflectance of each printed overlay is measured on the printing press, while the sheet is moving. One type of sensor that can be used for this measurement is an on-press densitometer, or more generally, a reflectometer. If desired, the reflectance information obtained thereby can be converted to a registration error signal and used to achieve automatic, closed-loop control of the position of each of the color cylinders.
Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein verbessertes Semi-oder Volladditiv-Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leiterplatten, bei welchem die zwischen den Leiterzügen freiliegende Haftvermittlerschicht praktisch ohne Angriff auf das Basismaterial oder das Kupfer der Leiterzüge in einer Behandlung mit einer alkalischen Permanganat-Lösung und nachfolgender geeigneter Spülschritte abgetragen wird.
Abstract:
A positioning guide for an ultrasonic stylus disposed in a wire scribing head, wherein a hub surrounds the stylus and is secured to the stylus near its working tip. A surrounding retainer is secured to the housing of the moveable wire scribing head. Radial spokes secure the hub to the surrounding retainer, thereby providing a high degree of lateral rigidity and longitudinal compliance for the working tip of the stylus.
Abstract:
Catalytically imaged thermosetting and thermoplastic resin objects inclusing printed circuit boards are provided. An adhesion promoted and thus hydrophilic insulating base material is treated in selected areas to produce metallic nuclei catalytic to electroless metal deposition in the form of an image of a desired metal pattern. The image is exposed to an electroless metal plating bath to reinforce the image. Then, the non-imaged areas of the base material are rendered hydrophobic by means of solvent treatment. The imaged areas are built up by metal deposition. Preferably the solvent treatment of the non-imaged areas of the base material is repeated.
Abstract:
An apparatus for scribing a conductor (32) to a surface (300) of a substrate in a predetermined pattern between two points on said surface is claimed, each of said points defining a terminal point. The insulated conductor wire (32) is coated with an adhesive which is in the non-tacky state but is activatable to be an adhesive at the time the conductor is applied, and which returns to the non-tacky state after fixing the conductor on the surface. The apparatus includes pressure means (204) for bringing a pressure exerting part into pressure contact with said conductor after it has been applied for fixing said conductor to said surface, said pressure means including an indexing head (54) with means for rotating (162) said indexing head to a first position for engaging said fixing means (280) with said conductor, and into a second position for engaging said pressure exerting part (200) with said conductor.
Abstract:
In a power supply system for a variable reluctance motor, each phase winding (a, b) of the motor is connectible across a pair of supply rails by first (GTO a , GTO b ) and second (T a T e ) switch means located respectively between the first supply rail and the winding and between the winding and the second supply rail. The first switch means (GTO., GTO b ) is a fast switch-off device such as a gate tum-off thyristor or a transistor, while the second switch means (T a , T b ) is a slow turn-off device, such as a thyristor suitable for application to a line-commutation situation. In a two-phase configuration, where the second switch means is a thyristor, force- commutation of the second switch means may be achieved by means of a suitable capacitor (C c ) interconnection between the thyristors switching the respective phases.
Abstract:
A system for determining range and orientation of distant objects, such as a ship, is claimed. By utilizing split imaging the observed height on a video monitor can be accurately determined despite movements of the image on the monitor. The observed ship can be visually identified and the true height determined from reference source. A better comparison of data indicating the true height compared to observed height permits calculation of the rangeto the target ship. Split imaging can also be utilized to determine the observed length of the ship so that observed height and length data can be compared to the true height and length of the target ship to determine orientation of the target ship relative to the observed.