Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing isocyanates by converting the corresponding amine with phosgene in the gas phase, in the presence of an inert medium as applicable, wherein phosgene and amine are first vaporized and then overheated to reaction temperature, the overheated phosgene and amine are mixed and added to a reactor wherein the phosgene and the amine are converted to isocyanate, wherein the dwell time of the phosgene at temperatures greater than 300°C equals a maximum of 5 sec and/or the temperature of heat transfer surfaces in contact with the phosgene is 20 K above the phosgene temperature to be set at maximum. The invention further relates to a device for producing isocyanates by converting the corresponding amine with phosgene in the gas phase.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for producing carotenoid solutions in an oil suitable for food. In particular, the invention relates to a method for dissolving a carotenoid, in particular astaxanthin, in an oil suitable for food by heating a suspension of the carotenoid, especially astaxanthin, in the oil and then rapidly cooling (quenching) the obtained solution. The method comprises the following steps: i. providing a suspension of the carotenoid in an oil suitable for food; ii. continuously heating a flow of the carotenoid suspension, wherein a hot carotenoid solution is obtained; and iii. continuously rapidly cooling the hot carotenoid solution, wherein the carotenoid suspension is conducted over a heated heat exchanger surface as a thin liquid film in order to continuously heat the carotenoid suspension.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for obtaining cyclododecatriene (CDT) from a solution containing CDT and high-boiling components such as a deactivated catalyst and polymers. Said solution is supplied to a preheater and heated, and is then relaxed over a downstream pressure maintaining device, and the two-phase mixture obtained is supplied to a spiral tube evaporator where the CDT content of the liquid phase is reduced by partial evaporation and a gaseous product flow with an increased CDT concentration is derived.
Abstract:
A method is disclosed for transferring heat to a liquid F containing dissolved monomeric acrylic acid, acrylic acid oligomers obtained by Michael addition, and acrylic acid polymer with the help of an indirect heat exchanger to which the liquid F is fed at a temperature T F ≥ 150°C and a heat transfer fluid W is fed at a temperature T w > T F . In said method, gas bubbles or thin layers of liquid F bordering a gas phase are generated in the liquid F while said liquid F flows through the heat exchanger.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing polyisocyanates, comprising the following steps: a) amines are reacted with phosgene; b) hydrogen chloride, excess phosgene, and, if necessary, the solvent are separated from the reaction mixture; c) the liquid mixture from step b) is separated into a liquid and a gaseous phase; d) the gaseous phase from step c) is processed into the polyisocyanate.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of a composition comprising a nanoscale powder, a porous ceramic powder, and a solvent to protect a metallic surface against chemical attacks at high temperatures, in particular in reducing and/or carburizing atmosphere, and to a corresponding method. The invention further relates to a system part that comprises a metallic surface that is exposed to a reducing and/or carburizing atmosphere in the operating state, wherein the surface is coated with a porous protective coating that has a specific surface area of at least 20 m 2 /g.