Abstract:
A liquid containing radioactive ions is purified (decontaminated) by contacting the same with an inorganic ion exchange composition having ion exchange sites which can be occupied by the radioactive ions from the liquid. The ion exchange composition is a mixture of an ion exchange medium and an additive which is relatively inert to the ion exchange process and which is a sintering aid for the ion exchange medium designed to lower the sintering temperature of the ion exchange composition. The ion exchange composition may be disposed within a suitable container (e.g., cannister), e.g., made of 304L stainless steel or Inconel 601 and the ion exchange process may be carried out in such container. Alternatively, the ion exchange medium can be employed without being previously admixed with the additive. The additive, if desired, can be admixed at a later stage with the contaminated medium. Thereafter, the mixture may be sintered and disposed of in any desirable manner as by underground burial of the spent mixture within the container. Also, the container may be placed within a suitably designed furnace for carrying out the ion exchange process, sintering of the ion exchange composition and its safe disposal. Methods are also described for making a homogeneous mixture of the ion exchange medium and the additive which, for example, have a certain defined density and particle size relationship.
Abstract:
One embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of making an optical fiber comprising the steps of: (i) exposing a silica based preform with at least one porous glass region having soot density of r to a gas mixture comprising SiCl 4 having SiCl 4 mole fraction y SiCl4 (preferably of less than 0.03) at a doping temperature T dop such that parameter X is larger than 0.03 to form the chlorine treated preform, wherein X is defined as a function of density r, doping temperature T dop , SiCl4 mole fraction y SiCl4 , and the density p s of the fully densified soot layer; and (ii) exposing the chlorine treated preform to temperatures above 1400 °C to completely sinter the preform to produce sintered optical fiber preform with a chlorine doped region; and (iii) drawing an optical fiber from the sintered optical preform.
Abstract:
La présente invention concerne une fibre optique comprenant un milieu amplificateur muni d'un cœur (22) formé d'une matériau transparent et de nanoparticules (24) comprenant un élément dopant et au moins un élément améliorant l’utilisation de ce dopant, et d'une gaine externe (26) entourant le cœur, caractérisé en ce que l'élément dopant est l'erbium (Er) et en ce que l'élément d'amélioration est choisi parmi Pantimoine (Sb), le bismuth (Bi) et une combinaison d'antimoine (Sb) et de bismuth (Bi). Conformément à l'invention, une telle fibre est caractérisée en ce que la faille des nanoparticules est variable et comprise entre 1 et 500 nanomètres, et de préférence supérieure à 20 nm.
Abstract:
High purity silicon oxyfluoride glass suitable for use as a photomask substrates for photolithography applications in the VUV wavelength region below 190 nm is disclosed with the silicon oxyfluoride glass having a preferred fluorine content
Abstract translation:公开了具有优选氟含量<0.5重量%的氟氧化硅玻璃,适合用作光刻应用中的低于190nm的VUV波长区域的光掩模基板的高纯度氟氧化硅玻璃。 本发明的氟氧化硅玻璃在157nm波长下是透射的,使其特别适用于157nm波长区域的光掩模衬底。 本发明的光掩模基材是“真空”的氟氧化硅玻璃,其在真空紫外(VUV)波长区域中表现出非常高的透射率,同时保持通常与高纯度熔融石英相关的优异的热和物理性能。 除了含氟并且具有很少或不含OH含量之外,本发明的适合用作157nm的光掩模衬底的氟氧化硅玻璃的特征还在于具有小于1×10 17分子/ cm 3的分子氢和低氯水平。
Abstract:
A process for removing metal species from solution comprising passing the liquid over a composition comprising a support such as a porous silicate glass or silica gel or charcoal having interconnected pores and containing water soluble amine complexing agents absorbed on the support capable of forming a stable complex with the metal species. The preferred amine complexing agent is triethylenetetramine. The process is especially useful for removing radioactive cobalt from liquid waste streams.
Abstract:
One embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of making an optical fiber comprising the steps of: (i) exposing a silica based preform with at least one porous glass region having soot density of ρ to a gas mixture comprising SiCl4 having SiCl4 mole fraction ySiCl4 at a doping temperature Tdop such that parameter X is larger than 0.03 to form the chlorine treated preform, wherein X = 1 1 + [ ( ρ ρ s - ρ ) 0.209748 T dop Exp [ - 5435.33 / T dop ] y SiCl 4 3 / 4 ] and ρs is the density of the fully densified soot layer; and (ii) exposing the chlorine treated preform to temperatures above 1400° C. to completely sinter the preform to produce sintered optical fiber preform with a chlorine doped region; and (iii) drawing an optical fiber from the sintered optical preform.
Abstract:
A titania and sulfur co-doped quartz glass member is provided. Due to co-doping of titania and sulfur, the quartz glass member undergoes zero expansion at a certain temperature and low thermal expansion over a wide temperature range, and is thus suited for use in a commercial EUV lithography tool. A manufacturing method and an optical member for EUV lithography are also provided.
Abstract:
High purity direct deposit vitrified silicon oxyfluoride glass suitable for use as a photomask substrates for photolithography applications in the VUV wavelength region below 190 nm is disclosed. The inventive direct deposit vitrified silicon oxyfluoride glass is transmissive at wavelengths around 157 nm, making it particularly useful as a photomask substrate at the 157 nm wavelength region. The inventive photomask substrate is a dry direct deposit vitrified silicon oxyfluoride glass which exhibits very high transmittance in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength region while maintaining the excellent thermal and physical properties generally associated with high purity fused silica. In addition to containing fluorine and having little or no OH content, the inventive direct deposit vitrified silicon oxyfluoride glass suitable for use as a photomask substrate at 157 nm is also characterized by having less than 1null1017 molecules/cm3 of molecular hydrogen and low chlorine levels.
Abstract:
High purity direct deposit vitrified silicon oxyfluoride glass suitable for use as a photomask substrates for photolithography applications in the VUV wavelength region below 190 nm is disclosed. The inventive direct deposit vitrified silicon oxyfluoride glass is transmissive at wavelengths around 157 nm, making it particularly useful as a photomask substrate at the 157 nm wavelength region. The inventive photomask substrate is a dry direct deposit vitrified silicon oxyfluoride glass which exhibits very high transmittance in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength region while maintaining the excellent thermal and physical properties generally associated with high purity fused silica. In addition to containing fluorine and having little or no OH content, the inventive direct deposit vitrified silicon oxyfluoride glass suitable for use as a photomask substrate at 157 nm is also characterized by having less than 1×1017 molecules/cm3 of molecular hydrogen and low chlorine levels.