Abstract:
This application describes designs, implementations, and techniques for controlling propagation mode or modes of light in a common optical path, which may include one or more waveguides (272), to sense a sample (205).
Abstract:
A multi-energy polarization imaging method consisting of a multi-fusion, dual-rotating retarder / multiple-energy complete Mueller matrix-based polarimeter and dual-energy capabilities The system includes a light source (14) for illuminating a target (18) with a first quantity of light having a first wavelength and a second quantity of light having a second wavelength, the first and second wavelength being different. A polarization-state generator (22) generates a polarization state for each of the first and second quantities of light, and includes a first polarizer (26) through which the first and second quantities of light are transmitted before entering a first waveplate (32). A polarization-state receiver (44) evaluates a resulting polarization state of the first and second quantities of light following illumination of the target (18), the polarization-state receiver (44) including a second waveplate (48) through which the first and second quantities of light are transmitted before entering a second polarizer (51). An optical image-capture device captures a first image of the target illuminated by the first quantity of light and a second image of the target illuminated by the second quantity of light. A processing unit assigns a weighting factor to at least one of the first and second images and evaluates a weighted difference between the first and second images to generate a multi-energy image of the target (18).
Abstract:
This invention provides a novel method and apparatus which use a wavelength-dispersing means such as a diffraction grating to spatially separate a multi-wavelength optical signal along with a reference signal by wavelength into multiple spectral channels and a reference spectral component in a spectral array with a predetermined relative alignment. By aligning the reference spectral component at a predetermined location, the spectral channels simultaneously impinge onto designated locations, e.g., on an array of beam-receiving elements positioned in accordance with the spectral array. The reference spectral component may be further maintained at the predetermined location by way of servo-control, thereby ensuring that the spectral channels stay aligned at the designated locations. The present invention can be used to construct a new line of servo-based optical systems, including spectral power monitors and optical multiplexers/demultiplexers, for WDM optical networking applications.
Abstract:
This invention provides a novel method and apparatus which use a wavelength-dispersing means such as a diffraction grating (220) to spatially separate a multi-wavelength optical signal along with a reference signal by wavelength into multiple spectral channels and a reference spectral component in a spectral array with a predetermined relative alignment. By aligning the reference spectral component at a predetermined location, the spectral channels simultaneously impinge onto designated locations, e.g., on an array of beam-receiving elements positioned in accordance with the spectral array. The reference spectral component may be further maintained at the predetermined location by way of servo-control (260), thereby ensuring that the spectral channels stay aligned at the designated locations. The present invention can be used to construct a new line of servo-based optical systems, including spectral power monitors and optical multiplexers/demultiplexers, for WDM optical networking applications.
Abstract:
A compensator or retarder system (3) allows adjustment to eliminate introduction of significant deviation and/or displacement into the propagation direction of a beam of electromagnetic radiation (LB) (LB') caused to interact therewith, even when the compensator or retarder system is caused to continuously rotate in a rotating compensator (C1) (C2) (C3) ellipsometer system (1). The system (3) consists of two pivotable reflectors (OS1,OS2) and a totally internally reflecting prism (P2).
Abstract:
A method and an apparatus for delaying parts of a coherent optical signal beam relative to each other, comprising: a first device (104) for splitting the beam into a first part and a second part, a second device (108) for delaying the second part relative to the first part, a third device (106) for recombining the first and the second part, a fourth device (104,106) for providing the recombined parts with different polarizations.
Abstract:
A birefringent interferometer system is described which uses nematic liquid crystal cells (30, 32) to produce variable optical path differences (OPD) between light of different polarization states that are interfered at a polarizing analyzer (13). Fixed retarders (31) may also be incorporated to extend the range of OPD. The interferometer provides wide field-of-view, continuously variable path difference over a large range, and an on-board monitor of OPD for ensuring accurate settings of path difference, and hence, an accurate wavelength scale in the spectra produced by the apparatus. The system can further incorporate additional polarizing optics (4, 9) so it responds equally well to light of any incident polarization state without loss of efficiency.
Abstract:
An optical device in which an end surface of a periodic multilayer structure is provided as a beam incidence surface or as a beam exit surface. The optical device can realize a high-resolving-power spectroscopic apparatus without having any increase in size of the apparatus and by use of good directivity of beam leaked from the multilayer structure and strong wavelength dependence of an angle of the leaked beam.
Abstract:
A spectroscopic rotating compensator material system investigation system including a photo array (DE's) for simultaneously detecting a multiplicity of wavelengths is disclosed. The spectroscopic rotating compensator material system investigation system is calibrated by a mathematical regression based technique involving, where desirable, parameterization of calibration parameters. Calibration is possible of calibration parameters. Calibration is possible utilizing a single two-dimensional data set obtained with the spectroscopic rotating compensator material system investigation system in a 'material system present' or in a 'straight-through' configuration.
Abstract:
Das Polarisationsinterferometer weist eine Lichtquelle (1), einen Kollimator (2), ein erstes polarisierendes Element (3), ein System von doppelbrechenden Elementen (4,5,6) und ein zweites polarisierendes Element (7) auf, welches das aus dem doppelbrechenden Element (4,5,6) austretende Licht polarisiert und einem Photonendetektor (8) zuführt. Das doppelbrechende Element (4,5,6) besteht dabei aus zwei, längs entgegengesetzter Seitenflächen gegeneinander verschiebbar angeordneten, sich zu einem Quader ergänzenden, optischen Keile (5,6) und einer als Kompensator dienenden doppelbrechenden planparallelen Platte (4). Die optische Achse des Kompensators (4) ist gegenüber derjenigen der beiden Keile (5,6) in der Ebene senkrecht zum Lichtstrahl um einen endlichen Winkel verdreht, wobei die optischen Achsen der beiden Keile (5,6) übereinstimmen. Die optischen Achsen der beiden Polarisatoren (3,7) stehen senkrecht oder parallel zueinander und sind nicht parallel zu den Achsen der beiden Keile (5,6) des doppelbrechenden Elementes (4,5,6) ausgerichtet. Ein monochromatischer Lichtstrahl (9) wird in den von der Lichtquelle (1) erzeugten parallen Lichtstrahl eingekoppelt und nach Durchquerung mindestens des doppelbrechenden Elementes (4,5,6) wieder ausgekoppelt und auf einen Photonendetektor (13) geführt.