Abstract:
Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid, tertiary amine (I) and water is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source in the presence of water, water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) are removed and formic acid is removed by distillation from the resulting liquid stream in a distillation apparatus, wherein the stream comprising water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) which have been separated off is separated into two liquid phases, the upper liquid phase is removed and the lower, water-comprising liquid phase is recirculated to the formic acid source.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of L-lditol comprising at least the process steps: i) a L-Sorbose comprising composition is subjected to hydrogenation with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrophobic stereoselective ruthenium catalyst complex in a homogeneous solution, wherein the ruthenium catalyst complex comprises at least one chiral ligand containing at least two phosphorus atom, which are capable of coordinating to the ruthenium yielding in a composition comprising L-lditol as the main product; ii) separation of the reaction products produced in step i) from the ruthenium catalyst complex; iii) reactivating the separated ruthenium catalyst complex of step ii) by adding a chloride source and reusing the reactivated ruthenium catalyst complex in step i).
Abstract:
Process for making an at least partially coated electrode active material wherein said process comprises the following steps: (a) Providing an electrode active material according to general formula Li1+xTM1−xO2, wherein TM is a combination of Ni and Co or Ni and Al and, optionally, Mn, and, optionally, at least one metal selected from Ga, Nb, Ta, Mg, Mo, B, Sn, V, W, Ti and Zr, and x is in the range of from zero to 0.2, (b) treating said electrode active material with at least one carbonyl compound of Co, and (c) treating the material obtained in step (b) with an oxidant.
Abstract:
Spent polyamides are returned to the value chain by hydrogenating the spent polyamide in a hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of at least one homogeneous transition metal catalyst complex, wherein the transition metal is selected from metals of groups 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table of elements according to IUPAC, to obtain a polyamine and a polyol. The hydrogenation is carried out at a reaction temperature of at least 160° C. in a non-reducible solvent having a dipole moment in the range of 1·10−30 to 10·10−30 C·m.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a catalytic process for preparing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising contacting an alkene and carbon dioxide with a carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex, an alkoxide, and an organic solvent, to obtain an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, the organic solvent being incompletely miscible with water at a pressure of 1 bar at at least one temperature T and selected from amides and ureas, T being a temperature in the range from 10° C. to 90° C.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing carboxylic acid esters, comprising the reaction of at least one primary monoalcohol or of a mixture of a primary monoalcohol and at least one alcohol different therefrom in the presence of a transition metal carbene complex catalyst K which has, as central atom M, at least one transition metal atom of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements (IUPAC) and at least one monodentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, in the presence of a base, wherein the catalyst K is prepared by reacting a transition metal compound V which has at least one transition metal atom of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements (IUPAC), but no carbene ligand, with an imidazolium salt in the presence of the primary monoalcohol and the base, the reaction being carried out without dilution.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for preparing formic acid by reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reactor in the presence of a transition metal complex as a catalyst comprising at least one element from group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table and at least one phosphine ligand with at least one organic radical having at least 13 carbon atoms, of a tertiary amine and of a polar solvent to form a formic acid-amine, adduct, which is subsequently dissociated thermally to formic acid and the corresponding tertiary amine. on unit.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines by alcohol amination of alcohols with ammonia with the elimination of water, where the alcohol amination is carried out under homogeneous catalysis in the presence of at least one complex catalyst which comprises ruthenium and at least one at least bidental donor ligand, but no anionic ligands.
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of alkoxylated polyalkylenepolyamines, comprising the following steps (a) homogeneously catalyzed alcohol amination, where aliphatic amino alcohols are reacted with one another or aliphatic diamines or polyamines are reacted with aliphatic diols or polyols with the elimination of water in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst to give polyalkylenepolyamines, (b) reaction of these polyalkylenepolyamines with alkylene oxides to give alkoxylated polyalkylenepolyamines. Specific alkoxylated polyalkylenepolyamines obtainable by such processes and alkoxylated polyalkylenepolyamines and processes for their preparation. Uses of alkoxylated polyalkylenepolyamines as detergent additives, dispersants, textile auxiliaries, wood protectants, corrosion inhibitors.
Abstract:
A process to produce N-vinyl compounds by homogeneous catalysis can be performed. Acetylene is reacted with a compound having at least one nitrogen bearing a substitutable hydrogen residue in a liquid phase in the presence of at least one phosphine as a catalyst to produce the compounds.