Abstract:
Protocols for designing and implementing sets of simultaneous experiments, in a parallel, multi-variable process optimization reactor, are disclosed. The multi-variable process optimization reactor is preferably a parallel flow reactor having the operational capability to simultaneously vary reaction conditions between reaction vessels - either modularly or independently. The simultaneously varied reaction conditions preferably include at least two of the following, in various combinations and permutations: space velocity, contact time, temperature, pressure and feed composition. Compositional variations in the catalysts residing in each of the reaction vessels can also be investigated in the set of simultaneous experiments implemented in the parallel reactor. Sufficient data is obtained from a single set of simultaneous experiments to generate a master curve.
Abstract:
Parallel flow reaction systems comprising four or more reaction channels are disclosed. Distribution systems, and parallel flow reaction systems comprising such distribution systems are also disclosed. Specifically, the distribution systems comprise one or more subsystems, including for example, a flow-partitioning subsystem for providing a different flow rate to each of the four or more reactors, a pressure-partitioning subsystem for providing a different reaction pressure in the reaction cavity of each of the four or more reactors, and a feed-composition subsystem for providing a different feed composition to each of the four or more reactors. In preferred embodiments, the one or more subsystems can comprise at least one set of four or more flow restrictors, each of the four or more flow restrictors having a flow resistance that varies relative to other flow restrictors in the set.
Abstract:
A chemical processing microsystem useful for identifying and optimizing materials (e.g., catalysts) that enhance chemical processes or for characterizing and/or optimizing chemical processes is disclosed. The chemical processing microsystem comprises a plurality of microreactors (600) and, in a preferred embodiment, a plurality of microseparators (900) integral with the chemical processing microsystem (10). The microreactors (600) are preferably diffusion-mixed microreactors formed in a plurality of laminae that include a modular, interchangeable candidate-material array (100). The material array (100) comprises a plurality of different candidate materials (e.g., catalysts), preferably arranged at separate, individually addressable portions of a substrate (e.g., wafer). The microseparators (900) are similarly formed in a plurality of laminae that include a modular, interchangeable adsorbent array (700). The adsorbent array (700) comprises one or more adsorbents, preferably arranged at separate, individually addressable portions of a substrate to spatially correspond to the plurality of different candidate materials. Modular microfluidic distribution systems are also disclosed. The chemical processing microsystem can be integrated into a material evaluation system that enables a comprehensive combinatorial material science research program.