Abstract:
A semiconductor integrated circuit and an IC card mounted with the same are provided, in which a signal of any one of at least three kinds of reception signals can be received for a short time. An RF signal from an antenna is supplied in parallel to a first and a second demodulator circuit included in a demodulator circuit. The first demodulator circuit demodulates a first reception signal of a first degree of modulation. The second demodulator circuit demodulates a second reception signal having a first communication start signal (SOF), and a third reception signal having a second communication start signal (Preamble). The demodulated output signals of the first and the second demodulator circuit are supplied to a determination circuit. When the demodulation output by the first demodulator circuit is determined, it is determined that the first reception signal is currently received. When the demodulation output of the second reception signal by the second demodulator circuit is determined, it is determined that the second reception signal is currently received. When the demodulation output of the third reception signal by the second demodulator circuit is determined, it is determined that the third reception signal is currently received.
Abstract:
An RF amplification device comprises amplification elements Q11 and Q12 which amplify a radio frequency input signal Pin_LB in wireless radio communication, and transmission line transformers TLT11, TLT12, coupled to one of an input electrode and an output electrode of the amplification element. The TLT11, TLT12 comprise a main line Lout arranged between the input and the output, and a sub line Lin1 arranged between an AC ground point and one of the input and the output and coupled to the main line Lout. By applying an operating voltage Vdd different from the ground voltage level GND to the AC ground point, the operating voltage Vdd is supplied to the output electrodes of the amplification elements Q11, Q12 via the sub line Lin from the AC ground point. In realizing a high-performance load circuit in an RF amplification device, it is possible to avoid increase of a module height of an RF module, and at the same time, to avoid increase of an occupied area of a load circuit of a high-frequency amplifier which is formed over a semiconductor chip or a multilayer wiring circuit substrate.
Abstract:
A technique which contributes to materialization of efficient encryption even with devices such as smartcards restricted in memory resource is provided. The system for generating cryptographic keys includes: - a calculation unit for reconstructing a large number of small primes, - a sieving unit for checking the divisibility of an integer by small primes, - a recoding unit for changing the representation of an integer, - a primality testing unit. First, the sieving unit eliminates "bad" candidates by checking their divisibility by small primes reconstructed by the calculation unit. After that, the primality of the remaining candidates is tested using the primality testing unit. The primality testing unit uses the recoding unit to change the representation of prime candidates. The primality testing unit performs a primality test using the represention after change. Thus, the number of operations for the primality test can be decreased without further memory requirements.
Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to integrated circuit (IC) fabrication processes. The present invention relates more particularly to the treatment of surfaces, such as silicon dioxide or silicon oxynitride layers, for the subsequent deposition of a metal, metal oxide, metal nitride and/or metal carbide layer. The present invention further relates to a high-k gate obtainable by a method of the invention.
Abstract:
A multiple carrier wireless communications system includes a channel predictor, a performance predictor, and a link adapter. The channel predictor is configured to predict channel state information for a next packet based on channel state information for the current packet. The performance predictor includes an uncoded performance predictor configured to predict system performance at an input of a decoder based on a modulation type and the predicted channel state information for the next packet, and a decoder input-output performance mapper configured to determine a required coding rate based on a requested system performance and the predicted system performance at the input of the decoder. The link adapter includes a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) updater configured to identify a MCS based on the required coding rate.
Abstract:
A technique capable of preventing whiskers which are generated in a plating film formed on the surface of each of leads of a semiconductor device is provided. Particularly, a technique capable of preventing generation of whiskers in a plating film containing tin as a primary material and not containing lead is provided. The plating film formed on the surface of the lead is formed so that a particular plane orientation among plane orientations of tin constituting the plating film is parallel to the surface of the lead. Specifically, the plating film is formed so that the (001) plane of tin is parallel to the surface of the lead. Thus, the coefficient of thermal expansion of tin constituting the plating film can be made to be lower than a coefficient of thermal expansion of the copper constituting the lead.
Abstract:
The RF power amplifier apparatus has an RF power amplifier (RFPA) and a power-supply circuit (Pwr_Cnt). The power-supply circuit controls the level of a source voltage (V LDO ) supplied to the RF power amplifier in response to the level of a power-control signal (Vapc). A sensing resistance (Rsen) produces a sense signal (Vsen) corresponding to a source current (I LDO ) with respect to a source voltage. A current-control unit (Cmp1,Cmp2,FF1,NAND3 and Qp4) controls the source current (I LDO ) in response to the sense signal (Vsen). When Vsen coincides with an allowable sense signal level (Vsh) corresponding to a source current allowable level I LDO (Max), the current-control unit controls the source current (I LDO ) to a limit current smaller than the allowable level I LDO (Max). Preferably, the limit current is a shutdown current when a shutdown switch is in OFF state. Thus, the drain of the battery of a mobile-phone terminal can be reduced even when an impedance mismatch condition lasts for a long time.
Abstract:
A data processing system enabling an outstanding-based variable flow control is provided. The data processing system includes a first semiconductor integrated circuit possessing an initiator and a second semiconductor integrated circuit possessing a target. The initiator transmits a request packet to the target, the target transmits a response packet to the initiator, and split transaction interface is practiced. The initiator includes an outstanding number counting circuit for counting an outstanding number defined by the difference in number between the request packets transmitted and the response packets received. The request packet transmission number is controlled so that the count value of the outstanding number counting circuit may not exceed the outstanding number to which the target can respond. The outstanding number is dynamically changeable to a suitable number so that the maximum latency from the issue of the request packet to the reception of the response packet is suppressed.
Abstract:
On an insulating film (41) in which a plug (43) as a lower electrode is embedded, a laminated layer pattern of an insulating film (51) made of tantalum oxide, a recording layer (52) made of Ge-Sb-Te based chalcogenide to which indium is introduced and an upper electrode film (53) made of tungsten or tungsten alloy is formed, thereby forming a phase change memory. By interposing the insulating film (51) between the recording layer (52) and the plug (43), an effect of reducing programming current of a phase change memory and an effect of preventing peeling of the recording layer (52) can be achieved. Further, by using the Ge-Sb-Te based chalcogenide to which indium is introduced as the recording layer (52), the difference in work function between the insulating film (51) and the recording layer (52) is increased, and the programming voltage of the phase change memory can be reduced.