Abstract:
Anti-knock gasoline fuel compositions are provided including anti-knock additives and mixtures thereof. The octane quality of fuel for an internal combustion engine improved with the anti-knock additives.
Abstract:
Die mit Vitalelementen und/oder Schutzstoffen angereicherten troposphärischen Raumelemente und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Anwendung werden beschrieben. Mit Vitalelementen werden hier die die Entwicklung der lebendigen Bestandteile der irdischen Biosphäre fördernden Stoffe bezeichnet und mit Schutzstoffen werden hier diejenigen Stoffe bezeichnet, die direkt oder indirekt dazu führen, dass schädliche Einwirkungen auf die irdische Biosphäre, insbesondere den Menschen, verhindert werden. Die erfindungsgemässen troposphärischen Raumelemente sind mit Vitalelementen und/oder Schutzstoffen angereichert. troposphärische Raumelemente in der Form von schadstoffilaltigen Wolken, die bei der Havarie von Anlagen entweichen Können, werden mit Schutzstoffen angereichert, die die Aufnahme radioaktiver Elemente in den Organismus verhindern, die Ausdehnung der von den Wolken belasteten Bereiche minimieren und die zusätzlich Warn- und Markierfunktionen innehaben. Die angereicherten troposphärischen Raumelemente Können zahlreiche vorteilhafte Auswirkungen haben, von denen die wichtigsten sind: Klimaabkühlung und Klimastabilisierung Steigerung der Nahrungsmittelproduktion Erzeugung von Methanhydrat und Kerogen als nachwachsende Energieträger Verminderung der Luftschadstoffe Zunahme der Niederschläge Verminderung der Schaden und Opferzahlen insbesondere durch Kernreaktorunglücke.
Abstract:
A fuel composition relating to a broad spectrum of pollution reducing, improved combustion performance, and enhanced stability fuel compositions for use in jet, aviation, turbine, diesel, gasoline, and other combustion applications. More particularly, the present invention relates to metallic vapor phase combustion fuel compositions employing certain co-combustion agents, including trimethoxymethylsilane.
Abstract:
A fuel composition that provides a renewable biofuel energy source for reducing dependence on fossil fuels and improving air quality by reducing the amount of carbon monoxide released into the air during combustion. The fuel composition includes an energy crop comprising: a solid granular component being suspended in a liquid non-petroleum plant based fuel. The liquid fuel containing the granular component is efficacious in releasing copious quantities of vapor for burning. The vapor provides a more complete and efficient burn. The fuel composition further comprises an oxidizing agent for removing a plurality of electrons from the granular component during combustion, and/or an additive that imparts a change in the physical properties of the fuel composition.
Abstract:
A method of inhibiting vanadic corrosion of a hot part of a gas turbine system is provided. The method includes introducing, in the combustor, a first oxide comprising magnesium oxide (MgO) and at least one second oxide from among Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2 and SiO2. A ratio “m” of a number of moles of MgO to a number of moles of V2O5 and a ratio “a” of a total number of moles of the at least one second oxide to the number of moles of V2O5 satisfy two conditions based on a firing temperature of the expansion turbine, an average density of one or more double oxides formed by a reaction between MgO and the at least one second oxide, and an average Knoop hardness of the one or more double oxides formed by the reaction between MgO and the at least one second oxide.
Abstract translation:提供了一种抑制燃气轮机系统的热部分的钒腐蚀的方法。 该方法包括在燃烧器中引入包含氧化镁(MgO)和来自Al 2 O 3,Fe 2 O 3,TiO 2和SiO 2中的至少一种第二氧化物的第一氧化物。 MgO的摩尔数与V 2 O 5的摩尔数的比“m”以及至少一种第二氧化物的总摩尔数与V 2 O 5的摩尔数之比“a”满足以下条件: 膨胀涡轮机的烧成温度,通过MgO和至少一种第二氧化物之间的反应形成的一种或多种双氧化物的平均密度,以及通过MgO与MgO的反应形成的一种或多种双重氧化物的平均Knoop硬度 所述至少一种第二氧化物。
Abstract:
A process for preparing compounds of the general formula (I) by reacting the compound of the general formula (II) where L, L′ are the same or different and are each independently Cl or OH in the presence of a. chlorine compounds Cl-M2R1R2R3, Cl-M3R4R5R6, with the proviso that L and L′ are not both simultaneously OH, or b. hydroxyl compounds HO-M2R1R2R3, HO-M3R4R5R6. The use of compounds of the general formula (I) as markers for liquids and a process for detecting markers in liquids.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the use of certain fungicides for increasing the quality and, if appropriate, the quantity of oil crop products. It also relates to the use of these fungicides for reducing the brittleness of the seed coats of seed oil crops. Furthermore, it relates to oil plant products which can be obtained from oil crops which have been treated with these fungicides, for example oils or seeds from oil crops which have been treated in this manner. Furthermore, it also relates to renewable fuels which comprise the oil according to the invention and/or reaction products thereof. Finally, it relates to a method of improving the combustion in engines and furnace installations, in which these are operated at least to some extent with a suitable oil crop product according to the invention.
Abstract:
Low viscosity, high concentration drag reducing agents may be prepared by slowly adding a liquid, non-solvent (e.g. isopropyl alcohol) for a drag reducing polymer (e.g. a polyalphaolefin) to a mixture of the polymer and the solvent (e.g. kerosene) in which the polymer is dissolved. When enough non-solvent is added, the polymer precipitates into fine particles. The supernatant mixture of solvent and non-solvent is then removed from the precipitated polymer slurry concentrate. Further solvent contained in the slurry concentrate may be removed by evaporation or further extraction with the liquid, non-solvent. The resulting slurry concentrate dissolves rapidly in flowing hydrocarbon streams to reduce the drag therein, and gives exceptionally good drag reducing results at low concentrations. Additionally, no injection probes or other special equipment is required to introduce the drag reducing slurry into the hydrocarbon stream, nor is grinding of the polymer necessary to form a suitable DRA slurry.
Abstract:
The effectiveness is prolonged for catalytic oxidizers to reduce emissions of both HC and CO from two-stroke gasoline engines. A compound of a platinum group metal is added to the cylinder of the engine, to make it available as an active oxidation catalyst by combustion of the fuel. Preferably, the platinum group metal compound is added with the lubricating oil, but can be added to the fuel or through a separate injection.
Abstract:
A method for the cleavage of organosiloxanes with chlorosilanes in the presence of ferric chloride and hydrogen chloride as catalysts resulting in chloroalkyl silanes or chloroaryl silanes, and organosiloxanes, which are characterized by one or more --O--Si--R.sub.3 groups, (R.dbd.alkyl or aryl), which are directly bound to a silicon atom which in turn is bound either to the same grouping or to an alkyl or aryl moiety.