Abstract:
Compliant electrically conductive connection bumps (10) for an adhesive flip chip (12) integrated circuit device and various methods for forming the bumps include the steps of forming polymer bumps (24) on a substrate (12) or an integrated circuit die and coating the polymer bumps with a metallization layer (26). The polymer bump forming step includes the steps of coating a polymer material on a substrate, curing the polymer, and etching the bump pattern from the polymer material. The overcoating step includes electrolessly plating a ductile metal such as gold on the polymer bump.
Abstract:
A matrix addressable flat panel display includes a flat cathode (31) operable for emitting electrons to an anode (15) when an electric field is produced across the surface of the flat cathode by two electrodes (34) placed on each side of the flat cathode. The flat cathode (31) may consist of a cermet or amorphic diamond or some other combination of a conducting material and an insulating material such as a low effective work function material. The electric field produced causes electrons to hop on the surface of the cathode (31) at the conducting-insulating interfaces. An electric field produced between the anode (15) and the cathode (31) causes these electrons to bombard a phosphor layer (16) on the anode (15).
Abstract:
The process is initiated by the recipient's requesting an artifact (100) from the sender, who then obtains the recipient's transmission key (102) and separately encrypts the requested artifact and an acknowledgement such that they are decryptable with first and second strictly private keys, respectively, known to and controlled by the sender (104). Next, the sender encrypts the encrypted artifact and encrypted acknowledgement together using the transmission key such that the message is decryptble only with a third strictly private key known to and controlled by the recipient (106), and transmits the encrypted message to the recipient (108). The recipient decrypts the message (110) to recover the encrypted artifact, as well as the encrypted acknowledgement which is returned to the sender (112). The sender decrypts the acknowledgement using the second strictly private key (114) to verify receipt by the recipient of the encrypted artifact and then sends the first strictly private key to the recipient (116) to enable decryption of the encrypted artifact (118).
Abstract:
A method of making sub-micron low work function field emission tips (32, 66) without using photolithography. The method includes physical vapor deposition of randomly located discrete nuclei to form a discontinuous etch mask (20, 50). In one embodiment an etch is applied to low work function material (14) covered by randomly located nuclei to form emission tips (32) in the low work function material (14). In another embodiment an etch is applied to base material (44) covered by randomly located nuclei to form tips (58) in the base material (44) which are then coated with low work function material (60) to form emission tips (66). Diamond is the preferred low work function material (14, 60).
Abstract:
A flat panel display for displaying visual information includes a plurality of corresponding light-emitting anodes (130), and field-emission cathodes (170), each of the anodes emitting light in response to emission from each of the corresponding cathodes, each of the cathodes (170) including a layer of low work function material having a relatively flat emission surface of a plurality of distributed localized electron emission sites and a grid assembly (102) interposed between the corresponding anodes (130) and cathodes (170) to thereby control emission levels to the anodes from the corresponding cathodes.
Abstract:
A matrix addressed diode flat panel display (820) including a diode pixel structure. The flat panel display includes a cathode assembly having a plurality of cathodes (210-280), each cathode including a plurality of cathode conductive material (440) and a layer of low effective work-function material (460) deposited over the cathode conductive material and an anode assembly having a plurality of anodes (290-292), each anode including a layer of anode conductive material (410) and a cathodoluminescent material (430) deposited over the anode conductive material, the anode assembly located proximate the cathode assembly to thereby receive the charged particle emissions from the cathode assembly. The display further includes means (100) for selectively varying field emissions between the plurality of corresponding light-emitting anodes and field-emission cathodes.
Abstract:
A field emission cathode includes a layer of conductive material (14) and a layer of amorphic diamond film (12), functioning as a low effective work-function material, deposited over the conductive material to form emission sites. The emission sites each contain at least two sub-regions having differing electron affinities.
Abstract:
Lateral luminescent field emitter device (10) for use in flat panel displays and a method of manufacturing are described. Field enhancing structures such as conical tips, film edges, whiskers, etc. provide only a low current, high density electron beam which suffer from uniformity limitations. The present invention provides an efficient method of manufacturing a small, uniform gap between the anode and the cathode of a lateral field emitter device so as to provide a uniform field emission. The device (10) comprises a flat substrate (12), an anode (16) disposed on the substrate (12), and a cathode (22) disposed on the substrate (12), the cathode (22) providing an electron emission surface (26) capable of emitting electrons laterally across a gap (30) to a major portion of an adjacent surface (24) of the anode (16).
Abstract:
A method is provided for fabricating a display cathode which includes forming a conductive line adjacent a face of a substrate. A region of amorphic diamond is formed adjacent a selected portion of the conductive line. The figure is an enlarged exploded cross-sectional view of a diode display unit (10) which includes two primary components: cathode plate (12) and anode plate (14). A vacuum is maintained between the plates by a seal (16). Regularly spaced pillars (26) separate cathode plate (12) and anode plate (14). A plurality of low effective work-function emitter areas (24) are formed by respective layers of amorphic diamond along conductive lines (20) disposed on substrate (18). A layer (34) of photo-emitting material is formed along transparent conductive lines (30) which are disposed upon substrate (28). Enlarge pads or leads (32) allow connection to an external signal source.
Abstract:
A matrix addressed diode flat panel display (820) including a diode pixel structure. The flat panel display includes a cathode assembly having a plurality of cathodes (210-280), each cathode including a plurality of cathode conductive material (440) and a layer of low effective work-function material (460) deposited over the cathode conductive material and an anode assembly having a plurality of anodes (290-292), each anode including a layer of anode conductive material (410) and a cathodoluminescent material (430) deposited over the anode conductive material, the anode assembly located proximate the cathode assembly to thereby receive the charged particle emissions from the cathode assembly. The display further includes means (100) for selectively varying field emissions between the plurality of corresponding light-emitting anodes and field-emission cathodes.