Abstract:
The invention relates to an electrolysis device for the production of alkali metals from a liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy (6), comprising at least two tubes (1) which are arranged in a substantially horizontal manner above each other and which are connected to each other by means of tube couplings (3), forming an electrolysis unit (2); two solid electrolyte tubes (12) which are arranged in each tube (1) and which are closed at one end and which have an opening (11) at the other, conducting the alkali metal ions, wherein the solid electrolyte tubes (12) are arranged concentrically in the tube (1) and are oriented with the opening (11) towards one end of the tube (1) such that a first annular gap for guiding the liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy (6) forming an anode, is located between the inside of the tube (1) and the outside of the solid electrolyte tubes (12); an alloy inlet (8) and an alloy outlet (9) for the liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy (6) in each of the tubes (1) which lead into the first annular gap (13) of a tube (1), being horizontally distanced from each other, from the top down; an inner chamber (14) which is sealed off from the alloy inlet (8), first annular gap (13) and alloy outlet (9) in each of the solid electrolyte tubes (12) for receiving liquid alkali metal which can be used as a cathode and which is connected to the alkali metal outlet (15); and two respective closure devices (4) which are arranged at the two ends of each tube (1).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for surface coating of apparatuses or parts of apparatuses used in chemical manufacturing. Walls of apparatuses, walls of containers and walls of reactors, dischargers, fixtures, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, dryers, comminuting machines, internal fittings and combinations are examples for said apparatuses or parts of apparatuses. The inventive method is characterised in that a metal layer or a metal polymer dispersion layer is currentlessly deposited on the apparatus/es or parts of apparatuses to be coated by contacting the parts to a metal electrolytic solution which contains a reduction means and optionally the dispersed polymer or polymer mixture in addition to the metal electrolyte, whereby at least one polymer is halogenated.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger. Said method is characterised in that a metal polymer dispersion layer having a halogenated polymer is chemically deposited on a heat exchange surface in a currentless manner. The invention also relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger. Said method is characterised in that a metal phosphor layer having a thickness of 1 to 15 mu m is applied by currentless chemical deposition before the metal polymer dispersion layer is applied. The invention also relates to a heat exchanger which can be produced by an inventive method and to the utilisation of a coating which is produced by currentlessly, chemically depositing a metal polymer dispersion layer having a halogenated polymer in order to make the coated surfaces less likely to accumulate solid materials from fluids whereby deposits are formed.
Abstract:
An electrolysis device producing alkali metals from a liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy, including at least two connected tubes forming an electrolysis unit. Two solid electrolyte tubes are arranged concentrically in each tube and oriented with openings towards one end of each tube such that a first annular gap for guiding a liquid alkali metal forming an anode is located between the inside of the tube and the outside of the solid electrolyte tubes. An alloy inlet and outlet for the liquid alkali metal in each of the tubes leads into the first annular gap of a tube. An inner chamber sealed off from the alloy inlet, first annular gap, and alloy outlet in each solid electrolyte tube receives liquid alkali metal that can be used as a cathode connected to the alkali metal outlet. Two respective closure devices are arranged at the two ends of each tube.
Abstract:
An electrolysis device producing alkali metals from a liquid alkali metal heavy metal alloy, including at least two connected tubes forming an electrolysis unit. Two solid electrolyte tubes are arranged concentrically in each tube and oriented with openings towards one end of each tube such that a first annular gap for guiding a liquid alkali metal forming an anode is located between the inside of the tube and the outside of the solid electrolyte tubes. An alloy inlet and outlet for the liquid alkali metal in each of the tubes leads into the first annular gap of a tube. An inner chamber sealed off from the alloy inlet, first annular gap, and alloy outlet in each solid electrolyte tube receives liquid alkali metal that can be used as a cathode connected to the alkali metal outlet. Two respective closure devices are arranged at the two ends of each tube.
Abstract:
Coating an apparatus made from high-grade steel used in a chemical installation comprises pickling surfaces to be coated using an activator heated to 40-85 [deg] C made from a mixture of 10-300 ml hydrochloric or hydrofluoric acid, 1-5 ml sulfuric acid, 1-2 g iron (III) chloride, 6-12 g nickel chloride, 10-20 ml citric acid and water, removing the activator using an inert medium and directly coating the surfaces.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for coating a reactor. Said method is characterised in that a metal layer or a metal polymer dispersion layer is deposited on the inner surface of the reactor in a currentless manner by contacting the surfaces to a metal electrolytic solution which contains a reduction means and a halogenated polymer in dispersed form in addition to the metal electrolyte. Said halogenated polymer can optionally be deposited.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger. Said metho d is characterised in that a metal polymer dispersion layer having a halogenat ed polymer is chemically deposited on a heat exchange surface in a currentless manner. The invention also relates to a method for producing a heat exchange r. Said method is characterised in that a metal phosphor layer having a thickne ss of 1 to 15 .mu.m is applied by currentless chemical deposition before the metal polymer dispersion layer is applied. The invention also relates to a heat exchanger which can be produced by an inventive method and to the utilisation of a coating which is produced by currentlessly, chemically depositing a metal polymer dispersion layer having a halogenated polymer in order to make the coated surfaces less likely to accumulate solid materials from fluids whereby deposits are formed.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for coating apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction-which are taken to mean, for example, apparatus, tank and reactor walls, discharge devices, valves, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, dryers, comminution machines, internals, packing elements and mixing elements-wherein a metal layer or a metal/polymer dispersion layer is deposited in an electroless manner on the apparatus(es) or apparatus part(s) to be coated by bringing the parts into contact with a metal electrolyte solution which, in addition to the metal electrolyte, comprises a reducing agent and optionally the polymer or polymer mixture to be deposited in dispersed form, where at least one polymer is halogenated.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for coating apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction-which are taken to mean, for example, apparatus, tank and reactor walls, discharge devices, valves, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, dryers, comminution machines, internals, packing elements and mixing elements-wherein a metal layer or a metal/polymer dispersion layer is deposited in an electroless manner on the apparatus(es) or apparatus part(s) to be coated by bringing the parts into contact with a metal electrolyte solution which, in addition to the metal electrolyte, comprises a reducing agent and optionally the polymer or polymer mixture to be deposited in dispersed form, where at least one polymer is halogenated.