Abstract:
The invention relates to a particle-shaped polymer (P) with a particle size ranging from 0.5 to 100 mu m and a swelling index of 1 to 50 comprised as anionic polymerized components. According to the invention, at least one anionic polymerizable vinyl monomer and at least one monomer comprising at least two anionic polymerizable functional groups having the same or varying reactivity or a mixture thereof are used as cross-linking agents.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for surface coating of apparatuses or parts of apparatuses used in chemical manufacturing. Walls of apparatuses, walls of containers and walls of reactors, dischargers, fixtures, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, dryers, comminuting machines, internal fittings and combinations are examples for said apparatuses or parts of apparatuses. The inventive method is characterised in that a metal layer or a metal polymer dispersion layer is currentlessly deposited on the apparatus/es or parts of apparatuses to be coated by contacting the parts to a metal electrolytic solution which contains a reduction means and optionally the dispersed polymer or polymer mixture in addition to the metal electrolyte, whereby at least one polymer is halogenated.
Abstract:
A continuous anionic polymerisation or copolymerisation process of styrene or diene monomers with alkali metal alkyl as polymerisation initiator is carried out in the presence of a metal alkyl or aryl of an at least bivalent element as reaction speed regulator, preferably in non-isotherm conditions and without a back admixture in a pipe or pipe bundle reactor. A metal alkyl or aryl A of formula R M and a metal alkyl or aryl B of formula R nM in a molar ratio between B and A from 0.1:1 to 500:1 are used. In the formulas, M is Li, Na or K; R is hydrogen, C1-C20-alkyl or C6-C20-aryl or C7-C20-alkyl-substituted aryl; M is an n-valent element of groups 2a, 2b or 3a of the periodic table of elements; and R is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C20-alkyl or C6-C20-alkyl. Also disclosed is a special initiator for the anionic polymerisation which does not contain any Lewis bases. 00000
Abstract:
The invention pertains to a styrene polymer foam produced from a styrene homo- or copolymer that is foamed by extrusion and optionally processed further and a foaming agent that consists essentially of carbon dioxide, and containing impact-resistant polystyrene.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for continuously preparing styrene polymers by anionic spray polymerization, which comprises i) styrene and the initiator solution being mixed in a dynamic or static mixer and then the mixture being sprayed, ii) the resultant droplets passing from the liquid monomer state to the melted polymer state during their free fall in the spraying tower, iii) the melt droplets being collected as a melt at the foot of the tower, the melt having a monomer content of below 1%, preferably below 0.1% (
Abstract:
The continuous process for preparing a polyamide by reacting at least one aminonitrile with water comprises:(1) reacting at least one aminonitrile with water in the presence of an organic liquid diluent at from 90 to 400° C. and from 0.1 to 35x10 Pa in a flow tube containing a Brönsted acid catalyst selected from a beta-zeolite catalyst, a sheet-silicate catalyst or a titanium dioxide catalyst comprising from 70 to 100% by weight of anatase and from 0 to 30% by weight of rutile and in which up to 40% by weight of the titanium dioxide may be replaced by tungsten oxide, to obtain a reaction mixture,(2) further reacting the reaction mixture at from 150 to 400° C. and a pressure which is lower than the pressure in stage 1 in the presence of a Brönsted acid catalyst selected from a beta-zeolite catalyst, a sheet-silicate catalyst or a titanium dioxide catalyst comprising from 70 to 100% by weight of anatase and from 0 to 30% by weight of rutile and in which up to 40% by weight of the titanium dioxide may be replaced by tungsten oxide, the temperature and pressure being selected so as to obtain a first gas phase and a first liquid phase or a first solid phase or a mixture of first solid and first liquid phases and so that the first gas phase is separated from the first liquid phase or first solid phase or from the mixture of first liquid and first solid phases, and(3) admixing the first liquid or the first solid phase or the mixture of first liquid and first solid phases with a gaseous or liquid phase comprising water at from 150 to 370° C. and from 0.1 to 30x10 Pa, to obtain a product mixture.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for coating apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction-which are taken to mean, for example, apparatus, tank and reactor walls, discharge devices, valves, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, dryers, comminution machines, internals, packing elements and mixing elements-wherein a metal layer or a metal/polymer dispersion layer is deposited in an electroless manner on the apparatus(es) or apparatus part(s) to be coated by bringing the parts into contact with a metal electrolyte solution which, in addition to the metal electrolyte, comprises a reducing agent and optionally the polymer or polymer mixture to be deposited in dispersed form, where at least one polymer is halogenated.
Abstract:
A process for the continuous anionic polymerization or copolymerization of styrene or diene monomers using an alkali metal alkyl compound as polymerization initiator is carried out in the presence of an alkyl- or arylmetal compound of an element which occurs in at least divalent form as rate regulator, preferably under non-isothermal conditions and without back-mixing in a tubular or tube-bundle reactor, preferably using an alkyl- or arylmetal compound A of the formula R1M1 and an alkyl- or arylmetal compound B of the formula R2nM2 in a molar ratio between B and A of from 0.1:1 to 500:1, whereM1 is Li, Na or K;R1 is hydrogen, C1-C20-alkyl, C6-C20-aryl, or C7-C20-alkyl-substituted aryl;M2 is an n-valent element from group 2a, 2b or 3a of the Periodic Table; andR2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C20-alkyl or C6-C20-aryl; and a special anionic polymerization initiator containing no Lewis base.