Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for variable production of mixtures of optionally alkyl-substituted BDO, GBL and THF by two-stage hydrogenation in the gaseous phase of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or the derivatives thereof, characterized in that a) a gas flow of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or the derivatives thereof is hydrogenated in a first stage in the gaseous phase on a catalyst at a pressure of 2-100 bars and at a temperature of 200 DEG C to 300 DEG C in a first reactor in the presence of a catalyst in the form of catalyst moulded bodies with a volume of less than 20 mm3, consisting of 5 - 95 wt. % Cu-oxide and 5 - 95 wt. % of an oxide with acid centres in order to form a flow maintly consisting of optionally aryl-substituted GBL and THF, b) succinic anhydride optionally arising therefrom is separated by partial condensation, c) the products THF, water and GBL which remain predominantly in the gaseous phase during said partial condensation are reacted at the same pressure or at a pressure which is reduced in order to reduce flow losses in the hydrogenation circuit at a temperature of 150 to 240 DEG C in a second reactor on a catalyst of > 95 wt. % CuO and 5 to 95 wt. % of one or several oxides selected from the group consisting of ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, La2O3, and Mn2O3 in order to form a mixture consisting of a flow containing BDO, GBL and THF, d) the hydrogen is separated from the products and returned to the hydrogenation, e) the products THF, BDO, GBL and Wasser are separated in a distillatory manner, a flow rich in GBL is optionally returned to the second reactor or is optionally removed therefrom and BDO, THF and GBL are processed in a distillatory manner, and the ratio of the products THF, GBL and BDO is adjusted in relation to each other in the region of 10 to 100 wt. % THF, 0 to 90 wt. % GBL and 0 to 90 wt. % BDO exclusively by varying the temperatures in the two hydrogenation areas, in addition to that of the GBL return flow.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst on an oxidic carrier, and to methods for the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds in hydrocarbon flows containing the same, using said catalysts.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an integrated process for the synthesis of propylene oxide, which comprises at least the following steps: (i) dehydrogenation of propane to give a substream T( 0 ) comprising at least propane, propene and hydrogen; (ii) fractionation of the substream T( 0 ) to give at least one gaseous hydrogen-rich substream T( 2 ) and a substream T( 1 ) comprising at least propene and propane; (iii) synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using the substream T( 2 ), giving a substream T ( 4 ) which is rich in hydrogen peroxide and a gaseous substream T( 6 ); (iv) fractionation of the substream T( 1 ) to give at least one propane-rich substream T( 5 ) and at least one propene-rich substream T( 3 ); (v) reaction of the at least one substream T( 3 ) with substream T( 4 ) to give propylene oxide.
Abstract:
A catalyst on an oxidic support and processes for selectively hydrogenating unsaturated compounds in hydrocarbon streams comprising them using these catalysts are described.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an integrated method for synthesising propylene oxide, said method comprising at least the following steps: (i) dehydrogenation of propane to obtain a partial stream T (0), which contains at least propane, propene and hydrogen; (ii) separation of the partial stream T (0) to obtain at least one gaseous partial stream T (2) with a high hydrogen content and a partial stream T (1), which contains at least propene and propane; iii) hydrogen peroxide synthesis using the partial stream T (2), to produce a partial stream T (4) with a high hydrogen peroxide content and a gaseous partial stream T (6); (iv) separation of the partial stream T (1) to obtain at least one partial stream T (5) with a high propane content and at least one partial stream T (3) with a high propene content; (v) reaction of the partial stream(s) T (3) with partial stream T (4) to obtain propylene oxide.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a supported catalyst consisting of metal of the platinum group. Said catalyst can be obtained by means of controlled electroless deposition of at least one metal of the platinum group from a precipitation solution containing i) at least one homogeneously dissolved compound consisting of metal of the platinum group, ii) a reducing agent, an d iii) at least one collagen selected from iospoly acids and heteropoly acids of niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium or the salts of the sam e. The invention also relates to a method for hydrogenating inorganic or organi c compounds using the catalyst which is produced by means of controlled electroless deposition, especially for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a supported platinum group metal catalyst obtainable by controlled electroless deposition of at least one platinum group metal from a deposition solution which comprises i) at least one homogeneously dissolved platinum group metal compound, ii) a reducing agent and iii) at least one control agent selected from isopolyacids and heteropolyacids of niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium or their salts.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for hydrogenating an organic compound, which has at least one carbonyl group, during which the organic compound is, in the presence of hydrogen, brought into contact with a shaped body that can be produced according to a method in which: (i) an oxidic material comprising copper oxide and aluminum oxide and at least one of the oxides of iron, lanthanum, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, tin or manganese, as well as, optionally, tin oxide and/or manganese oxide; (ii) powdered metallic copper, copper flakes, powdered cement, graphite or a mixture thereof is added to the oxidic material; (iii) the mixture resulting from (ii) is shaped into a shaped body, and; (iv) the shaped body is treated with water or steam.
Abstract:
A process for hydrogenating an organic compound which has at least one carbonyl group, in which the organic compound is hydrogenated in the presence of a shaped article which contains (i) an oxidic material comprising copper oxide, aluminum oxide and lanthanum oxide, and (ii) powdered metallic copper, copper flakes, powdered cement, graphite or a mixture thereof, is provided.