Abstract:
Density-measuring apparatus particularly adapted for measuring aqueous antifreeze solutions, in which the density-dependent coefficient of expansion of the liquid material is taken into account over the desired measuring range by the use of more than one buoyant element.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for isolating NGH from a mixture comprising the NGH, a low boiling point and a high boiling point products, and an inorganic salt by which the pure NGH can be produced without generating an colored impurity in high yield and more simply than the conventional method, and good controls at every step can be enabled, and which is not so unstable that the interruption of the treatment is caused. SOLUTION: A mixture is fed to a wiping evaporator 3 in the first separation zone comprising the wiping evaporator 3 and a heat-exchanger 6, and a mixed material flow comprising a high boiling point product and an inorganic salt is discharged as a bottom product. The distillate flow is fed to the heat-exchanger 6 and the condensed product flow formed at the heat-exchanger 6 is fed to a rectifier 8 in the second separating zone comprising the rectifier 8, a second evaporator 17, the heat-exchanger 10. The distillate from the rectifier 8 is condensed at the heat-exchanger 10 and the condensed material flow is taken out as a low boiling point product flow. NGH is condensed as a side flow distillate, and a bottom product flow comprising the NGH and the high boiling point product is fed to the second evaporator 17. The discharged flow from the second evaporator 17 is recycled and returned to a lower zone of the rectifier.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing chlorocarboxylic acid chlorides of formula (I) R -CHCl-Y-COCl, wherein R represents hydrogen or C1 to C20 alkyl for example and Y represents a saturated or a mono- or poly-olefinically unsaturated C2-C8 alkene chain for example, by reacting lactones with a chlorination agent in the presence of a urea compound.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing acid chlorides by converting carboxylic acids with carbon oxychlorides or thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst adduct of an N,N-disubstituted formamide of general formula (I) and carbon oxychloride or thionyl chloride. In the formula, R and R , independently from one another, mean C1- to C4-alkyl or R and R together mean a C4- or C5-alkylene chain. According to the inventive method, hydrogen chloride is added during and/or after the conversion.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the production of metylamines by means of gas phase reaction from methanol and ammonia as educts in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst at a pressure in the region of 15 - 30 bars. Said educts are vaporised in one or several heat exchangers (1, 2, 3) in order to overheat an educt gas flow and are subsequently guided to a reactor (4). The educts can be mixed in the inlets of one of the heat exchangers (1, 2, 3) or at one remaining position in a heat exchanger (1, 2, 3). A product gas flow containing monomethylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine, in addition to reaction auxiliary products, is removed from the reactor (4). In order to regulate the reactor admission temperature of the educts to a temperature in the region of 360 DEG C - 370 DEG C, the educt gas flow or the product gas flow is guided partially or completely through an adjustable valve (5) enabling the pressure and the condensation temperature to be varied.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for purifying acid chlorides which have been produced by converting carboxylic acids with carbon oxychloride or thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst adduct. The acid chlorides are treated with a hydro halide of carboxylic acid amides of general formula (I), wherein R stands for hydrogen or C1- to C3-alkyl; R and R , independently from one another, mean C1- to C4-alkyl or R and R together mean a C4- or C5-alkylene chain. The thus purified acid chloride is isolated by separation said acid chloride from the carboxylic acid amide hydro halide-phase.
Abstract:
Zpusob prípravy karbonylchloridu reakcí karboxylových kyselin s fosgenem se provádí za prítomnosti katalytického aduktu N,N-disubstituovaného formamidu obecného vzorce I, ve kterém R.sup.1.n. a R.sup.2.n. nezávisle jeden na druhém znamenají C.sub.1-4.n.-alkyl, nebo R.sup.1.n. a R.sup.2.n. spolecne tvorí C.sub.4.n.- nebo C.sub.5.n.-alkylenový retezec, pricemž se v prubehu reakce a/nebo po reakci do reakcní smesi pridává chlorovodík.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para evitar la corrosión en la separación de metilaminas a partir de una corriente de productos (10) producida en la obtención de metilaminas mediante reacción en fase gaseosa de metanol y amoniaco, que contiene monometilamina, dimetilamina, trimetilamina, amoniaco y metanol como componentes, separándose amoniaco (11) mediante destilación pura en una primera columna (1), alimentándose a una segunda columna (2) los componentes restantes de la corriente de productos producidos como cola (12), separándose en la segunda columna (2) trimetilamina (14) mediante una destilación por extracción bajo alimentación de agua, alimentándose a una tercera columna (3) los demás componentes de la corriente de productos de una tercera columna (3), que se forman como cola (15) de la segunda columna (2), separándose en la tercera columna (3) monometilamina y dimetilamina, y separándose la monometilamina y la dimetilamina en una cuarta columna (4) mediante destilación, caracterizado porque en la cola (15) o en la parte de extracción de la segunda columna (2), o a la alimentación (17) de la tercera columna (3) se añade hidróxido alcalino.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la obtención de cloruros de ácido carboxílico mediante reacción de ácidos carboxílicos con fosgeno en presencia de un aducto catalizador a partir de una formamida N, N-disubstituida de la fórmula general (I) en la que R1 y R2, independientemente entre sí, significan alquilo con 1 a 4 átomos de carbono, o R1 y R2 significan conjuntamente una cadena de alquileno con 4 o 5 átomos de carbono, y fosgeno, a 0 hasta 100 ºC y 0, 5 a 2, 0 bar de presión absoluta, de una cantidad molar de formamida N, N-disubstituida (I) de 0, 05 a 2, 0, referido a la cantidad molar de ácido carboxílico empleado, y una cantidad molar de fosgeno de 1, 0 a 2, 0, referido a la cantidad molar de ácido carboxílico, caracterizado porque se alimenta cloruro de hidrógeno gaseoso durante y/o tras la reacción.
Abstract:
Process for the purification of carbonyl chlorides which have been prepared by reacting carboxylic acids with phosgene or thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst adduct, in which the carbonyl chlorides are treated with a hydrohalide of carboxamides of the formula (I)in which R is hydrogen or C1- to C3-alkyl; R and R independently of one another are C1- to C4-alkyl, or R and R together are a C4- or C5-alkylene chain, and the carbonyl chloride purified in this way is isolated by separation off from the carboxamide hydrohalide phase.