Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To permit concentration measurement of especially those substances of a feed gas mixture for a partial oxidation which are relevant with regard to safety in respect of ignition basically with such a high accuracy that this measurement does not show a limiting element with regard to a safely useable composition range of feed gas, and at the same time to dispense with an expensive method limited with regard to feasibility in terms of safety.SOLUTION: This invention relates to a method for safe operation of a continuously operated heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation of an organic compound in a reactor, the composition of the feed gas mixture being controlled by pressure-controlled concentration determination of relevant constituents.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reaction vessel having high resistance to a thermal cycle (high resistance to long time embrittlement, carburization, metal dusting) and capable of reducing undesired catalysis effects, and to provide a method for a serial partial dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon by a heterogeneous catalyst with using the reaction vessel.SOLUTION: In a catalytic dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon such as propane to an unsaturated hydrocarbon such as propene, a reaction vessel of which an inner surface of a reaction chamber consists of steel containing Cr: 18 to 30 mass%, Ni: 9 to 37 mass%, Si: 1 to 4 mass% and the like and an outer surface at opposite side of the reaction chamber is made from a composite material metal-plated on a steel containing Cr: 15 to 20 mass%, Ni: 6 to 18 mass%, Si: 0 to 0.8 mass% and the like directly or through layers of copper, nickel or copper and nickel is used. A method of a serial partial dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon by a heterogeneous catalyst with using the reaction vessel is provided.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new method for production of acrylic acid by means of heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene. SOLUTION: There is disclosed the method for producing acrylic acid by means of heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene in two steps, wherein the propylene used is obtained by previous dehydrogenation of propane; a first oxidation step is operated along with the limited propylene conversion; and unconverted propane and the propylene in the product gas mixture of a second step of partial oxidation are substantially recycled by supplying them into the previous propane dehydrogenation process. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
A process for continuously producing the tert-butyl ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid where a) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is reacted with isobutene in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give an esterification mixture; b) the acidic catalyst is removed; c) low-boiling-point constituents are removed; and d) a liquid containing tert-butyl ester is introduced into a distillation device and the product is purified by distillation in the distillation device, where d1) the liquid containing tert-butyl ester is separated in the distillation device to give a gaseous overhead product containing tert-butyl ester and a liquid bottom product containing carboxylic acid; d2) the gaseous overhead product containing tert-butyl ester is at least to some extent condensed and some of the condensate is returned to the distillation device; d3) the liquid bottom product containing carboxylic acid is at least to some extent returned to step a); d4) liquid bottom product containing carboxylic acid is drawn off and conducted to a heater, a superheated liquid return stream is taken from the heater and the superheated return stream is depressurized into the distillation device; and d5) at least in the overhead region of the distillation device those walls of the distillation device that are in contact with the vapours are thermally insulated and/or heated at least in some regions. The separation of the tert-butyl ester from unreacted carboxylic acid in the process proceeds with a particularly small extent of polymerization both of the tert-butyl ester and of the carboxylic acid.
Abstract:
80000077238 0000077238 0000077238WO WOWO WO01 0101 01 41 4141 41 A process for continuously preparing the tert-butyl ester of an ethy lenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, by a) reacting an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid with isobu- tene in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give an esterification mixt ure; b) removing 5 the acidic catalyst; c) removing low-boiling components; and d) supplying a tert-butyl ester-comprising liquid to a distillation apparatus and subjecting it to puri fying distilla- tion in the distillation apparatus, where d1) in the distillation apparatus the t ert-butyl ester-comprising liquid is separated into a tert-butyl ester-compri sing gaseous top product and a carboxylic acid-comprising liquid bottom product; d2) the t ert-butyl ester- 10 comprising gaseous top product is at least partly condensed and the condensate is recycled partly as reflux to the distillation apparatus; d3) the carbox ylic acid-comprising liquid bottom product is recycled at least partly to step a); d4) carboxyli c acid- comprising liquid bottom product is drawn off and passed to a heater; a superheat ed, liquid recycle stream is taken from the heater; and the superheated recycle stream is 15 let down into the distillatiuon apparatus; and d5) at least in the top region of the distilla- tion apparatus, the distillation apparatus walls in contact with the vapor, a t least in sub- regions, are heated and/or thermally insulated. In the course of the process , the sepa- ration of the tert-butyl ester from unreacted carboxylic acid is carried on with a particu- larly low level of accompanying polymerization both of the tert-butyl est er and of the 20 carboxylic acid.
Abstract:
Reactor para oxidaciones parciales de una mezcla de reacción fluida en presencia de un catalizador heterogéneo en forma de partículas, con - uno o varios módulos de placas de chapa térmica de forma cuadrada (1), que están formados en cada caso por dos o más placas de chapa térmica (2) rectangulares, dispuestas de manera paralela entre sí dejando libre en cada caso una grieta (3), que está rellenada con el catalizador heterogéneo en forma de partículas y por la que fluye la mezcla de reacción fluida, siendo absorbido el calor de reacción por un medio portador de calor que fluye a través de las placas de chapa térmica (2) y, al hacerlo, se evapora por lo menos parcialmente, así como con - una envuelta de forma predominantemente cilíndrica (4, 15, 16), que descarga la presión de los módulos de placas de chapa térmica (1) y los rodea completamente, que comprende una camisa cilíndrica (4) y cubiertas (15, 16) que la cierran en ambos extremos y cuyo eje longitudinal está orientado de forma paralela al plano de las placas de chapa térmica (2), así como con - uno o varios elementos de obturación (7, 23), que están dispuestos de tal manera que la mezcla de reacción fluida, excepto por los espacios interiores del reactor delimitados por las cubiertas (15, 16), solo fluye a través de la grieta (3), - estando el espacio intermedio (6) entre los módulos de placas de chapa térmica (1) y la envuelta de forma predominantemente cilíndrica (4) cargado con una presión de gas, al ser la presurización estática y lograrse mediante la alimentación y el drenaje de nitrógeno con regulación de la presión, o al lograrse presurización mediante el flujo continuo a través del espacio intermedio (6) con un gas interno del proceso o intrínseco al proceso, en particular con nitrógeno o gas de circuito, - o en el que adicionalmente a la presurización el espacio intermedio (6) entre los módulos de placas de chapa térmica (1) y la envuelta de forma predominantemente cilíndrica (4) está rellenado con un material a granel de sustancia inerte formado por un material químicamente inerte y suficientemente estable tanto mecánica como térmicamente, - en el que para la presurización hay previstas tubuladuras correspondientes y/o un conducto circular interno con pequeños agujeros, que preferentemente están dirigidos hacia abajo, y en el que el espacio intermedio (6) entre los módulos de placas de chapa térmica (1) y la envuelta (4), en el extremo superior de los módulos de placas de chapa térmica (1), está cerrado por una cubierta de chapa (8) con aberturas (9) o por una cubierta de chapa (8) similar a una plataforma de válvulas.
Abstract:
A continuous method for producing (meth)acrylates from C10 alcohol mixtures by reacting pure (meth)acrylic acid with an isomeric mixture of C10 alcohols of 2-propylheptanol as main isomer and at least one of the C10 alcohols 2-propyl-4-methylhexanol, 2-propyl-5-methylhexanol, 2-isopropylheptanol, 2-isopropyl-4-methylhexanol, 2-isopropyl-5-methylhexanol and/or 2-propyl-4,4-dimethylpentanol, and the use of a diester of dicarboxylic acids which are esterified with N-oxyl group containing compounds, as polymerisation inhibitors in such a method.
Abstract:
Processes comprising: (a) providing a reactant comprising a component selected from the group consisting of o-xylene, naphthalene and mixtures thereof, and a gas comprising oxygen; (b) reacting the reactant and the gas in a reaction system, in the presence of a catalyst, to form phthalic anhydride; wherein the reaction system comprises: (i) at least two reaction zones, each reaction zone cooled with a coolant; and (ii) an intermediate cooling zone disposed between a first of the at least two reaction zones and a second of the at least two reaction zones; and wherein the coolant entering the first of the at least two reaction zones has a temperature which is more than 20° C. higher than a temperature of the coolant entering the second of the at leas two reaction zones.
Abstract:
A process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon, in which a reaction gas mixture input stream comprising a hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is conducted through a fixed catalyst bed disposed in a shaft and the reaction gas mixture input stream is generated in the shaft by metering a molecular oxygen-comprising input gas II into an input gas stream I which flows into the fixed catalyst bed in the shaft and comprises molecular hydrogen and the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated upstream of the fixed catalyst bed.
Abstract:
A process for continuously producing the tert-butyl ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid where a) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is reacted with isobutene in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give an esterification mixture; b) the acidic catalyst is removed; c) low-boiling-point constituents are removed; and d) a liquid containing tert-butyl ester is introduced into a distillation device and the product is purified by distillation in the distillation device, where d1) the liquid containing tert-butyl ester is separated in the distillation device to give a gaseous overhead product containing tert-butyl ester and a liquid bottom product containing carboxylic acid; d2) the gaseous overhead product containing tert-butyl ester is at least to some extent condensed and some of the condensate is returned to the distillation device; d3) the liquid bottom product containing carboxylic acid is at least to some extent returned to step a); d4) liquid bottom product containing carboxylic acid is drawn off and conducted to a heater, a superheated liquid return stream is taken from the heater and the superheated return stream is depressurized into the distillation device; and d5) at least in the overhead region of the distillation device those walls of the distillation device that are in contact with the vapours are thermally insulated and/or heated at least in some regions. The separation of the tert-butyl ester from unreacted carboxylic acid in the process proceeds with a particularly small extent of polymerization both of the tert-butyl ester and of the carboxylic acid. (Fig.1)