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公开(公告)号：US3640865A
公开(公告)日：1972-02-08
申请号：US3640865D
申请日：1970-04-09
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BURNS GERALD , GIESS EDWARD A , O'KANE DANIEL F
IPC: C04B35/495 , H01L41/187 , C04B35/00 , C04B35/60
CPC classification number: C04B35/495 , H01L41/1873
Abstract: New transparent ferroelectric compositions have been prepared having a tetragonal tungsten-bronze-type crystallographic structure and having the formula x(ANbO3) . (1-x) MNb2O6 where A is at least one alkali metal ion and M is an alkaline earth metal ion and where x can be from 0.12 to 0.50. These materials have large dielectric constants, ( Epsilon ), and linear electro-optic coefficients (r), at room temperature. The value of r is significantly larger than that of LiNbO3. These materials have great potential as light modulators and deflectors.
Abstract translation: 已经制备了具有四方钨 - 青铜型晶体结构并具有式x（ANbO 3）的新型透明铁电组合物。 （1-x）MNb 2 O 6，其中A为至少一种碱金属离子，M为碱土金属离子，x为0.12至0.50。 这些材料在室温下具有很大的介电常数（ε）和线性电光系数（r）。 r的值显着大于LiNbO3的值。 这些材料作为光调制器和偏转器具有很大的潜力。
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公开(公告)号：CA1206436A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-24
申请号：CA386420
申请日：1981-09-22
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： GRANDIA JOHANNES , O'KANE DANIEL F , SANTINI HUGO A E
Abstract: ROTARY ELECTROPLATING CELL WITH CONTROLLED CURRENT DISTRIBUTION An apparatus and a method for rotary electroplating a thin metallic film having a uniform thickness and composition throughout. The apparatus includes a flow-through jet plate having nozzles of radially increasing size and uniformly spaced radially therethrough, or nozzles of the same size with varying radial spacing therebetween so as to provide a differential flow distribution of the plating solution that impinges on the wafer-cathode where the film is deposited. The spacing and size of the nozzles are critical to obtaining a uniform thickness. The electrical currents to the wafer and to a thieving ring are controlled by variable resistors so as to keep the electrical current to the cathode constant throughout the plating process. In a preferred embodiment the flow-through jet plate has an anode associated therewith in which the exposed area of the anode is maintained at a constant amount during the deposition. This method can simultaneously deposit with a uniform thickness and composition elements having a minimum gap or part size of 1 micrometer or less.
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公开(公告)号：CA1090442A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-25
申请号：CA282607
申请日：1977-07-13
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： GULITZ LOUIS , KWAP THEODORE W , LISLE WALTER I , O'KANE DANIEL F , POPONIAK MICHAEL R
Abstract: COMBUSTION MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM A real time monitoring and control system for single or multi-fired combustion systems which permits adjustment of the air fuel ratio in the system for optimized efficiency and minimized pollution content in the exhaust gas, while providing safety control of the combustion process. The system includes a high sensitivity light sensor which is utilized to monitor the combustion flame and provide an electrical output proportional to flame temperature, that is utilized to control the air fuel ratio of the system. The wavelength sensitivity of the sensor is capable of selection, for example by selection of sensor type and/or use of appropriate filters, to monitor a predetermined range of region of the flame emission spectrum in order to enable correlation of the intensity of the emission spectrum of the type of fuel being utilized, i.e., oil or natural gas, with temperature and combustion efficiency. A sensor having a defined field of view is utilized and means are provided to sample signals from selected portions of the field of view of the sensor to enable temperature monitoring of a multi-flame system. The output of the sensor is provided to a computer which in turn is electrically connected to control a valve that individually adjusts the air fuel ratio of each flame of the system to permit real time adjustment of the combustion process. The system enables control of combustion at or near optimum burning efficiency, i.e., in the range of 1/2 to 1 percent excess oxygen.
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