Abstract:
In accordance with the invention, an optical cross-connect switch includes an optical router for distributing multi-wavelength optical input signals, an optical combiner for supplying multi-wavelength signals at the output ports of the switch, and optical fibers for interconnecting the optical router and optical combiner. Selected interconnecting optical fibers include controllable wavelength-selective elements, such as magnetically controllable fiber gratings, which are capable of transmitting or reflecting individual channels within the multi-wavelength optical signals so that a selected channel of a particular wavelength can be routed from any of the input ports to any of the output ports of the switch.
Abstract:
The invention provides a device comprising an oriented, perovskite PZT layer on a diamond substrate, or other substrates such as silicon or platinum-coated materials. Vapor phase deposition processes are used to deposit a PZT layer onto a perovskite template layer on the substrate. The template layer is more readily deposited in a perovskite structure compared to PZT, and provides for nucleation and growth of the deposited PZT in perovskite form. The vapor phase deposition promotes the oriented structure of the resulting film. The structure is useful in a variety of devices, including surface acoustic wave devices.
Abstract:
In accordance with the invention, a tunable fiber grating comprises a fiber grating secured between a pair of magnets so that magnetic force (repulsive or attractive) applied to the magnets is transmitted to the grating. An electromagnet is disposed adjacent the magnets for applying the field to magnetize them. Control of the current applied to the electromagnet permits control of the force transmitted to the fiber grating and, thus, control of the grating strain, spacing and reflection frequency. In a preferred embodiment the electromagnet is actuated to produce magnetic pulses which control the remanent force between the two magnets, eliminating the need for continuous power. An add/drop multiplexer employing the tunable gratings is described.
Abstract:
In accordance with the invention, an optical switching device (9) comprises a light-reflecting mirror (10) containing a magnetic component (11) coupled to a substrate (12). One or more programmable magnets (14A,14B,14C) are provided for moving the mirror by interacting with the magnetic component (11). The programmable magnets move the mirrors between or among selected positions and then maintain the mirror position without continuous power. Exemplary cross connects and 2x2 switches are described.
Abstract:
In accordance with the invention, an optical switching device (9) comprises a light-reflecting mirror (10) containing a magnetic component (11) coupled to a substrate (12). One or more programmable magnets (14A,14B,14C) are provided for moving the mirror by interacting with the magnetic component (11). The programmable magnets move the mirrors between or among selected positions and then maintain the mirror position without continuous power. Exemplary cross connects and 2x2 switches are described.
Abstract:
New solder compositions having enhanced mechanical properties are disclosed. Relatively inert particles having a diameter of 2000 nm or less are dispersed in a solder material having an average grain size of 500 nm or less to produce such solder compositions. The dispersed particles act as physical barriers substantially impeding the motion of grain boundaries and inhibiting grain growth during thermal and stress cycling which substantially inhibits coarsening. As a consequence, the solder composition exhibits an advantageous level of superplasticity that is substantially resistant to joint failure. Methods for forming articles using such solder compositions is also disclosed.
Abstract:
Improved plasma displays utilize permanent magnet components for low-voltage operation. Permanent magnet components providing magnetic fields transverse to the direction of electron movement increase the electron pathlength, thereby enhancing the ionization efficiency of the electrons. This permits lower voltage operation, higher-pixel density and greater durability. In exemplary embodiments, magnetic components can be placed below the cathode, disposed between the electrodes, or incorporated in the cathode.