Abstract:
A method for treating diverse pulp and paper materials, including such products contained in municipal solid waste and biohazardous wastes, to produce a homogenous cellulosic product comprises the steps of feeding diverse pulp and paper materials into a vessel, introducing steam into the vessel while agitating the materials, purging the gases from the vessel while agitating the materials, sealing the vessel so that the vessel is pressure tight, saturating the materials with steam at sufficient temperature and pressure to expand the physical and chemical structure of the materials, while agitating the materials, depressurizing the vessel to further enhance the physical and chemical expansion of the materials, and discharging the processed products. Alternatively, the method can be performed without purging the gases, if the temperature in the range of about 140{C to about 160{C, and the pressure is in the range of about 275 to 450 kPa. During the optional purging step, during the depressurization step, and during the optional evacuation step, volatile organic compounds and other air pollutants can be captured and treated. The temperature, pressure, and process time is more than sufficient to decontaminate and sterilize biohazardous laboratory and medical wastes.
Abstract:
The present invention involves forming layers of conductive material (12, 16; 17, 18) and dielectric material (14) or material with varying conductivity and indexes of refraction to form various electronic and optical devices.
Abstract:
Electronic and optical (or photonic) devices with variable or switchable properties and methods used to form these devices, are disclosed. More specifically, the present invention involves forming layers of conductive material and dielectric material or materials with varying conductivity and indexes of refraction to form various electronic and optical devices. One such layer of adjustable material is formed by depositing epitaxial or reduced grain boundary barium strontium titanate on the C-plane of sapphire.
Abstract:
Epitaxial and reduced grain boundary materials are deposited on substrates for use in electronic and optical applications. A specific material disclosed is epitaxial barium strontium titanate ( 14 ) deposited on the C-plane of sapphire ( 12 ).