Abstract:
A method and an ester composition used therein for inhibiting, retarding, mitigating, reducing, controlling and/or delaying formation of hydrocarbon hydrates or agglomerates of hydrates. The method may be applied to prevent, reduce or mitigate plugging of conduits, pipes, transfer lines, valves, and other places or equipment where hydrocarbon hydrate solids may form under the conditions. At least one ester compound is added into the process stream, where the compound may be mixed with another compound selected from other amino alcohols, esters, quaternary ammonium, phosphonium or sulphonium salts, betaines, amine oxides, amides, simple amine salts, and combinations thereof.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of an emulsified fuel in combination with an engine oil that shows a synergistic effect in reducing emissions such as particulate matter, hydrocarbons and/or nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O, collectively NOx) and/or reducing wear from an engine.
Abstract:
A fuel cell system includes a fuel tank storing a fuel comprising an ether, water, and an alcohol; a vaporizer vaporizing the fuel; a reformer reforming the vaporized fuel into a hydrogen rich gas; a CO gas removal apparatus configured to remove CO gas in the hydrogen rich gas; and a fuel cell unit configured to generate electricity by electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen rich gas and oxygen.
Abstract:
Low molecular weight and high molecular weight two-block emulsifiers, in particular based on polyisobutylene, of the formula (Ia) or (Ib) and mixtures thereof 1 where La is a polyisobutylenyl group having a number average molecular weight Mn of from 300 to 1 000 and Lb is a polyisobutylenyl group having a number average molecular weight Mn of from 2 000 to 20 000, -A- is nullOnull, nullN(H) or nullN(R1)null, Mnull is Hnull or an alkali metal ion, 0.5 alkaline earth metal ion or NH4null, where one or more H in NH4null may be replaced by alkyl, R is a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon radical which carries at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of OH, NH2 and NH3null and, if required, one or more C(O)H groups and, if required, contains one or more nonneighboring nullOnull and/or secondary amines and/or tertiary amines, where one or more H in the NH2null or NH3null groups may be replaced by alkyl, and R1 is a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon radical which, if required, carries one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of OH, NH2, NH3null and C(O)H and, if required, contains one or more nonneighboring nullOnull and/or secondary amines and/or tertiary amines, and where one or more H in the NH2null or NH3null groups may be replaced by alkyl, and the proportion of A-R in the compound of the formula (Ia) or (Ib) is at least 20% by weight, are described.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to emulsion compositions for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system. In particular, the invention includes oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsion compositions comprising hydrocarbon fuel, water, alkoxylated alkyl alcohol, alkoxylated alkyl ester and alkyl polyglycerol surfactants for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及用于启动燃料电池系统的重整器的乳液组合物。 特别地,本发明包括油包水包油(O / W / O)乳液组合物,其包含烃燃料,水,烷氧基化烷基醇,烷氧基化烷基酯和烷基聚甘油表面活性剂,用于启动燃料电池系统的重整器 。
Abstract:
A method for imparting anti-static characteristics to fuel is provided, the method comprising supplying a hydrocarbon fuel and mixing the fuel with an ion, contained in an inorganic compound, to reduce the electrical resistance of the fuel.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an emulsified water fuel blend containing aqueous organic ammonium salts. The emulsified water fuel blend lowers nitrogen oxide emissions from engines.
Abstract:
A drag-reducing polymer capable of dissolving even in cold fluids is described, along with a method for manufacturing said drag-reducing polymer. The drag-reducing polymer has at least one alpha-olefin monomer with between a four and nine carbon chain length and a co-monomer and has less than 25% monomers (molar content) with carbon chain lengths of 12 or longer. A drag-reducing polymer suspension is also described.
Abstract:
High surfactant to water ratios on the order of 2.5 to 1 in a concentrated a micro-emulsion forming fuel additive produces improved hydrocarbon fuel combustion at only 5 to 95 parts per million of additional water.
Abstract:
Liquid energy sources, e.g., liquid fuels comprising lipid vesicles having fuel additives such as water are disclosed herein. The liquid energy sources, methods for preparation, and methods of enhancing engine performance disclosed herein employing the lipid vesicles result in enhanced fuel efficiency and/or lowered engine emissions. The invention further relates to liquid energy sources containing such additives which further comprise a polymeric dispersion assistant, which reduces the interfacial tension and coalescence of vesicles during dispersion process and storage, and thereby provide transparent looks to the liquid energy source.