公开(公告)号：US08795925B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-05

申请号：US11979628

申请日：2007-11-06

Applicant: In-Hyuk Son

Inventor： In-Hyuk Son

IPC: H01M8/22 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/10 ,  H01M8/06 ,  C10L1/12 ,  C10L1/18

CPC classification number: H01M8/0618 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/1233 ,  C10L1/1258 ,  C10L1/1283 ,  C10L1/1291 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M2008/1095

Abstract: The fuel composition for a fuel cell for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes a fuel, water, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and heteropoly acid. The fuel may be a hydrocarbon fuel. The hydrogen peroxide may be present in an amount of 10 wt % to 60 wt % based on the weight of the mixture of the fuel, water, and the hydrogen peroxide. The heteropoly acid may be present in an amount of 0.0001 parts to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a mixture of the fuel, water, and hydrogen peroxide. The fuel composition may reduce a reforming reaction temperature and also hydrogen generating efficiency and resultantly provides a high power cell.

Abstract translation: 用于聚合物电解质膜燃料电池的燃料电池的燃料组合物包括燃料，水，过氧化氢（H 2 O 2）和杂多酸。 燃料可以是烃燃料。 基于燃料，水和过氧化氢的混合物的重量，过氧化氢可以以10重量％至60重量％的量存在。 基于100重量份的燃料，水和过氧化氢的混合物，杂多酸可以以0.0001重量份至5重量份的量存在。 燃料组合物可以降低重整反应温度和氢气产生效率，从而提供高功率电池。

公开(公告)号：US20130118060A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-16

申请号：US13662511

申请日：2012-10-28

Applicant: CERION TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Inventor： Kenneth Reed

IPC: C10L10/12

CPC classification number: B01J23/10 ,  B01F3/0807 ,  B01F7/164 ,  B01J13/0047 ,  B01J13/0086 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01F17/0043 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2004/04 ,  C01P2004/52 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/103 ,  C10L1/1233 ,  C10L1/125 ,  C10L1/1258 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1811 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1881 ,  C10L1/1883 ,  C10L1/19 ,  C10L1/1985 ,  C10L1/2222 ,  C10L1/2437 ,  C10L10/02 ,  C10L10/08 ,  C10L10/12 ,  C10M2201/062 ,  C10N2230/06 ,  C10N2240/10 ,  Y02T50/678 ,  C10N2210/03 ,  C10N2220/082

Abstract: A fuel additive composition includes: a) a reverse-micellar composition having an aqueous disperse phase that includes cerium dioxide nanoparticles in a continuous phase that includes a hydrocarbon liquid, a surfactant, and optionally a co-surfactant and b) a reverse micellar composition having an aqueous disperse phase that includes a cetane improver effective for improving engine power during fuel combustion. A method of making a cerium-containing fuel additive includes the step of: a) providing a mixture of a nonpolar solvent, a surfactant, and a co-surfactant; and b) combining the mixture with an aqueous suspension of stabilized cerium dioxide nanoparticles.

Abstract translation: 一种燃料添加剂组合物包括：a）具有水分散相的反胶束组合物，其包括连续相中的二氧化铈纳米颗粒，所述连续相包括烃液体，表面活性剂和任选的助表面活性剂，和b）反胶束组合物，其具有 水性分散相，其包括在燃料燃烧期间有效提高发动机功率的十六烷改进剂。 制备含铈燃料添加剂的方法包括以下步骤：a）提供非极性溶剂，表面活性剂和辅助表面活性剂的混合物; 和b）将混合物与稳定的二氧化铈纳米颗粒的水悬浮液混合。

公开(公告)号：US20120066964A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-22

申请号：US13162761

申请日：2011-06-17

Applicant: Bradley G. Harrell ,  Michael J. Zetlmeisl ,  Christopher Gallagher ,  Jianzhong Yang ,  Andrew J. McCallum

Inventor： Bradley G. Harrell ,  Michael J. Zetlmeisl ,  Christopher Gallagher ,  Jianzhong Yang ,  Andrew J. McCallum

IPC: C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/23 ,  C10L1/16

CPC classification number: C10L1/143 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/1258 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1641 ,  C10L1/1811 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1983 ,  C10L1/221 ,  C10L1/2222 ,  C10L1/231 ,  C10L10/02

Abstract: Exhaust emissions resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in compression ignition engines may be reduced using a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins. The homopolymer may have a molecular weight of from about 1600 to about 275,000. Optionally, an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, may also be used together with the homopolymer. Both NOx and particulate matter emissions (PM) may be reduced using ppm quantities of the additive compositions; alternatively, NOx emissions may be lowered or reduced while PM emissions do not substantially increase.

Abstract translation: 可以使用可以是聚异丁烯，聚丙烯和/或超支化聚α-烯烃的均聚物来减少压缩点火发动机中烃燃料燃烧产生的废气排放。 均聚物可具有约1600至约275,000的分子量。 任选地，也可以与均聚物一起使用硝酸烷基酯如硝酸2-乙基己酯（2EHN）和/或过氧化物如过氧化氢。 可以使用ppm量的添加剂组合物来减少NOx和颗粒物排放物（PM）; 或者，可以降低或减少NOx排放，同时PM排放基本上不增加。

公开(公告)号：US20110002817A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-06

申请号：US12812054

申请日：2008-01-09

Applicant: Peter Jeney

Inventor： Peter Jeney

IPC: C10L1/18 ,  B01J19/00

CPC classification number: C01B15/037 ,  C06B47/00 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/1258

Abstract: Described is a colloidal fluid composition, comprising H2O2, hydrocarbon(s) and at least one additive, in particular at least a colloid fluid stabilizing agent. The composition can be made using aqueous H2O2 solutions comprising e.g. 30 to 50% H2O2 and is suitable as fuel for different kinds of engines. This colloidal fluid composition can be processed and transformed by a device (100).

Abstract translation: 描述了一种胶体流体组合物，其包含H 2 O 2，烃和至少一种添加剂，特别是至少一种胶体流体稳定剂。 组合物可以使用含水H 2 O 2溶液制备， 30〜50％H 2 O 2，适用于各种发动机的燃料。 该胶体液组合物可以通过装置（100）进行处理和变换。

公开(公告)号：US20100300079A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-02

申请号：US12529054

申请日：2008-02-28

Applicant: Virginie Harle ,  Laurent Rocher

Inventor： Virginie Harle ,  Laurent Rocher

IPC: F01N3/035 ,  F02B43/00

CPC classification number: B01D53/944 ,  B01D2258/012 ,  C10L1/1233 ,  C10L1/125 ,  C10L1/1258 ,  C10L1/143 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1881 ,  C10L1/1886 ,  C10L1/1888 ,  C10L1/1985 ,  C10L1/2437 ,  C10L1/2608 ,  C10L10/02 ,  C10L10/06 ,  F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/029 ,  F01N2430/04 ,  F01N2510/065 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02M25/00

Abstract: Diesel or lean-burn engines which are fitted with an exhaust system provided with a particle filter are supplied with a fuel containing an additive capable of lowering the temperature at which the soot particles trapped by the particle filter can be burned and which essentially consists of an iron compound or essentially consists of an iron compound and of a cerium compound, and wherein the particle filter through which the exhaust gases produced by the combustion of the fuel in the engine pass is a catalytic filter in which the catalyst assists with the combustion of the soot particles; this improves soot combustion dynamics, particularly at low temperatures.

Abstract translation: 配备有设置有颗粒过滤器的排气系统的柴油或稀燃燃烧发动机被供给含有能够降低由颗粒过滤器捕获的烟灰颗粒可燃烧的温度的添加剂的燃料，并且其基本上由 铁化合物或基本上由铁化合物和铈化合物组成，并且其中由发动机通过的燃料燃烧产生的废气通过该颗粒过滤器是催化过滤器，其中催化剂有助于燃烧 煤烟颗粒 这改善了烟灰燃烧动力学，特别是在低温下。

公开(公告)号：US20050081430A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10494907

申请日：2002-11-08

Applicant: Robert Carroll ,  Noel Carroll ,  Willam Carroll ,  Michael Carroll

Inventor： Robert Carroll ,  Noel Carroll ,  Willam Carroll ,  Michael Carroll

IPC: C10L1/12 ,  B01J13/00 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/20 ,  C10L1/26 ,  C10L1/30 ,  C10L3/00 ,  C10L10/00 ,  C10L10/02

CPC classification number: C10L10/00 ,  B01J13/0026 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/1208 ,  C10L1/1225 ,  C10L1/1233 ,  C10L1/1241 ,  C10L1/125 ,  C10L1/1258 ,  C10L1/1266 ,  C10L1/1275 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/1814 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1826 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L1/207 ,  C10L1/2608 ,  C10L1/301 ,  C10L1/305 ,  C10L3/003 ,  C10L10/02 ,  C10L10/04

Abstract: A method of improving the combustion of a fuel by adding a catalyst or combustion enhancer at an extremely low concentration, preferably in the range of 1 part catalyst per 200 million parts fuel to 1 part catalyst per 6 trillion parts fuel. The catalyst or combustion enhancer may be selected from a wide range of soluble compounds. The method may comprise the steps of an initial mixing of the catalyst or enhancer with a suitable solvent and then subsequent dilution steps using solvents or fuel. Suitable solvents include water, MTBE, methylketone, methylsobutylketone, butanol, isopropyl alcohol and other hydrophilic/oleophilic compounds.

Abstract translation: 通过以非常低的浓度添加催化剂或燃烧增强剂，优选在每6万亿份燃料中每2亿份燃料至1份催化剂的1份催化剂范围内，来改善燃料燃烧的方法。 催化剂或燃烧增强剂可以选自宽范围的可溶性化合物。 该方法可以包括以下步骤：将催化剂或增强剂与合适的溶剂初始混合，然后使用溶剂或燃料进行随后的稀释步骤。 合适的溶剂包括水，MTBE，甲基酮，甲基异丁基酮，丁醇，异丙醇和其他亲水/亲油化合物。

公开(公告)号：US20040237384A1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-02

申请号：US10722063

申请日：2003-11-24

Inventor： William C. Orr

IPC: C10L001/12 ,  C10L001/30 ,  C10L001/28 ,  C10L001/18

CPC classification number: C10L1/12 ,  C10L1/023 ,  C10L1/026 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/1208 ,  C10L1/1216 ,  C10L1/1225 ,  C10L1/1233 ,  C10L1/1241 ,  C10L1/125 ,  C10L1/1258 ,  C10L1/1266 ,  C10L1/1275 ,  C10L1/1283 ,  C10L1/1291 ,  C10L1/165 ,  C10L1/19 ,  C10L1/207 ,  C10L1/30 ,  C10L1/301 ,  C10L1/305 ,  C10L1/306 ,  C10L1/308 ,  C10L10/00 ,  C10L10/02 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02M25/00

Abstract: A fuel composition of the present invention exhibits minimized hydrolysis and increased fuel stability, even after extended storage at 65null F. for 6-9 months. The composition, which is preferably not strongly alkaline (3.0 to 10.5), is more preferably weakly alkaline to mildly acidic (4.5 to 8.5) and most preferably slightly acidic (6.3 to 6.8), includes a lower dialkyl carbonate, a combustion improving amount of at least one high heating combustible compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, bromine, bismuth, beryllium, calcium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, francium, gallium, germanium, iodine, iron, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, palladium, rubidium, sodium, tin, zinc, praseodymium, rhenium, silicon, vanadium, or mixture, and a hydrocarbon base fuel.

Abstract translation: 本发明的燃料组合物即使在65°F下延长储存6-9个月之后，表现出最小化的水解和增加的燃料稳定性。 优选不强碱性（3.0〜10.5）的组合物更优选弱碱性至弱酸性（4.5〜8.5），最优选微酸性（6.3〜6.8），包括低级碳酸二烷基酯，燃烧改善量 含有选自铝，硼，溴，铋，铍，钙，铯，铬，钴，铜，ium，镓，锗，碘，铁，铟的至少一种元素的至少一种高加热可燃化合物， 锂，镁，锰，钼，镍，铌，氮，磷，钾，钯，铷，钠，锡，锌，镨，铼，硅，钒或混合物，以及烃类燃料。

公开(公告)号：US06280486B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-28

申请号：US09007459

申请日：1998-01-15

Applicant: Guido Dessauer ,  Ute Horn ,  Helmut Berenbold ,  Gerhard Crass

Inventor： Guido Dessauer ,  Ute Horn ,  Helmut Berenbold ,  Gerhard Crass

IPC: C10L132

CPC classification number: C10L10/02 ,  C08L71/02 ,  C10L1/1258 ,  C10L1/328 ,  C10L10/00 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02F2007/0097 ,  F02M25/0228 ,  Y02T10/121 ,  C08L2666/22

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel/water emulsions essentially comprising 60 to 80% by weight of a fuel, 0.5 to 5% by weight of one or more water-soluble and gasoline-insoluble emulsifiers of the formulae A) R—O—(CH2CH2O)x—H where R is alkyl or alkenyl having in each case 8 to 18 carbon atoms or C9-C14-alkylphenyl and x is a number from 8 to 30, or B) HO—(C2H4O)x—(C3H6O)y—(C2H4O)z—H, in which the proportion of the ethylene oxide units is between 40 and 80% by weight of the molecular mass, or where x is a number between 8 and 30, and 1 to 10% by weight of a water-soluble and gasoline-insoluble poly(alkylene glycol) as stabilizer, also water and, if appropriate, other additives to 100% by weight. The emulsions according to the invention can be used for operating internal combustion engines.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及燃料/水乳液，其基本上包含60至80重量％的燃料，0.5至5重量％的一种或多种水溶性和不溶于汽油的乳化剂，其中R为具有各自的烷基或烯基 8至18个碳原子的情况或C 9 -C 14 - 烷基苯基，x为8至30的数量，其中环氧乙烷单元的比例为分子量的40至80重量％，或其中x为 8和30，以及1至10重量％的作为稳定剂的水溶性和汽油不溶性聚（亚烷基二醇），以及如果合适的话，其它添加剂为100重量％。 根据本发明的乳液可以用于操作内燃机。

公开(公告)号：US2935476A

公开(公告)日：1960-05-03

申请号：US68683757

申请日：1957-09-30

Applicant: SUN OIL CO

Inventor： STUART ARCHIBALD P

IPC: C10L1/12

CPC classification number: C10L1/1258

公开(公告)号：US11655427B2

公开(公告)日：2023-05-23

申请号：US17521924

申请日：2021-11-09

Applicant: Khalifa University of Science and Technology

Inventor： Dimitrios Kyritsis ,  Dimitrios Goussis

IPC: C10L1/12 ,  C10L9/12 ,  F02B47/02 ,  F02M25/03

CPC classification number: C10L1/1266 ,  C10L1/125 ,  C10L1/1258 ,  C10L9/12 ,  F02B47/02 ,  F02M25/03 ,  C10L2200/0254 ,  C10L2200/0259 ,  C10L2200/0295 ,  C10L2270/023 ,  C10L2270/026

Abstract: Described are methods for shortening the combustion delay of ammonia fuels and reducing the amount of NO formed during the combustion process. The methods include mixing ammonia with hydrogen peroxide and water to form a fuel mixture and then combusting the fuel mixture. Methods of powering an internal combustion engine with ammonia fuels are also described.