Abstract:
An aviation fuel is formulated with manganese-containing compounds. The composition may include relatively high amounts of manganese up to about 500 mg Mn/l. A manganese-containing additive may reduce the smoke created during the combustion of the aviation fuel. Additionally, the aviation fuel composition may include manganese to improve octane and include a phosphorus-containing scavenger to reduce manganese oxide engine deposits. Further, isooctane is added in order to, with the manganese-containing compound, improve the octane number of the fuel.
Abstract:
The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I where R1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R2 to R5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.
Abstract:
A method of reducing the particulate emissions in an internal combustion engine, said method comprising operating the internal combustion engine with a fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and an effective particulate emission-reducing amount of an alkylene oxide-adducted hydrocarbyl amide having from about 3 to 50 moles of alkylene oxide per mole of hydrocarbyl amide.
Abstract:
Liquid energy sources, e.g., liquid fuels comprising lipid vesicles having fuel additives such as water are disclosed herein. The liquid energy sources, methods for preparation, and methods of enhancing engine performance disclosed herein employing the lipid vesicles result in enhanced fuel efficiency and/or lowered engine emissions. The invention further relates to liquid energy sources containing such additives which further comprise a polymeric dispersion assistant, which reduces the interfacial tension and coalescence of vesicles during dispersion process and storage, and thereby provide transparent looks to the liquid energy source.
Abstract:
The invention relates to novel compositions comprising ene and free radical adducts of unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, and acyclic and cyclic vicinal polycarbonyl compounds such as diethyl ketomalonate and indantrione. The adducts are reacted with nucleophiles such as amines, electrophiles such as anhydrides and esters, and metal ions. Post-products are obtained via reaction of said products with capping reagents such as boric acid. Compositions containing said adducts, products and post-products include oleaginous substances such as fuels and lube oils.
Abstract:
A method of reducing the viscosity of asphaltenic crude oils by incorporating into said crude oil an effective viscosity reducing amount of an oil soluble organic compound having at least one oleophobic and hydrophobic fluoroaliphatic group, and optionally a low viscosity diluent, and compositions thereof.
Abstract:
A fuel composition for internal combustion engines, and more particularly, a fuel composition for internal combustion engines containing less than about 0.5 gram of lead per gallon of fuel is described. The fuel provides acceptable valve seat protection in engines designed to operate on leaded fuels. A further aspect of the invention is to reduce deposit formation within the cylinders.
Abstract:
Exhaust valve seat wear of automotive engines operated on unleaded gasoline can be catastrophic under severe operating conditions. This results in severe loss of engine power, marked reduction in fuel economy and sharp increases in exhaust emissions to intolerable levels. This problem may be ameliorated by utilizing high octane gasolines containing suitable quantities of phosphorus esters. Methods of preparing and dispensing the fuels are also described.