公开(公告)号：US20050035288A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-17

申请号：US10496571

申请日：2002-11-25

Applicant: Hidemi Shigekawa ,  Osamu Takeuchi ,  Mikio Yamashita ,  Ryuji Morita

Inventor： Hidemi Shigekawa ,  Osamu Takeuchi ,  Mikio Yamashita ,  Ryuji Morita

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01Q30/00 ,  G01Q30/02 ,  G01Q60/10 ,  G01Q60/24 ,  G01N13/12 ,  G01N13/16

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/2889 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01N21/6408 ,  G01N21/6458 ,  G01N2021/6415 ,  G01Q30/02 ,  G01Q60/12 ,  Y10S977/85

Abstract: Disclosed is a measuring apparatus for a physical phenomenon by photoexcitation, in particular a delay time modulated and time-resolved, scanning probe microscope apparatus providing an ultimate resolution both temporal and spatial. The apparatus comprises an ultrashort laser pulse generator (2); a delay time modulating circuit (6) which splits an ultrashort laser pulse (3) produced by the ultrashort laser pulse generator (2) into two and which also modulates a delay time td between the two ultrashort laser pulses (4 and 5) with a frequency (ω); a scanning probe microscope (17); and a lock-in detection unit (8) which performs lock-in detection with the delay time modulation frequency (ω) of a probe signal (11) from the scanning probe microscope (17). It can detect the delay time dependency of the probe signal (11) as its differential coefficient to the delay time, with no substantial influence from fluctuations in the intensity of ultrashort laser pulses (3) while preventing the probe apex (19) from thermal expansion and shrinkage by repeated irradiation with ultrashort laser pulses (3). A photoexcited physical phenomenon dependent on a delay time between ultrashort laser pulses can thus be measured at a temporal resolution in the order of femtoseconds and at a spatial resolution in the order of angstroms.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种通过光激发的物理现象的测量装置，特别是延迟时间调制和时间分辨的扫描探针显微镜装置，其提供了时间和空间上的最终分辨率。 该装置包括超短激光脉冲发生器（2）; 延迟时间调制电路（6），其将由超短激光脉冲发生器（2）产生的超短激光脉冲（3）分成两部分，并且还用一个第二超短激光脉冲（4和5）调制两个超短激光脉冲（4和5）之间的延迟时间td 频率（ω）; 扫描探针显微镜（17）; 以及锁定检测单元（8），其利用来自扫描探针显微镜（17）的探测信号（11）的延迟时间调制频率（ω）执行锁定检测。 探测信号（11）的延迟时间依赖性可以作为其延迟时间的微分系数，而不会因为超短激光脉冲（3）的强度的波动带来实质的影响，同时防止探头顶点（19）的热膨胀 以及通过用超短激光脉冲（3）重复照射来收缩。 因此，依赖于超短激光脉冲之间的延迟时间的光激发物理现象可以以飞秒级的时间分辨率和以埃的空间分辨率测量。

公开(公告)号：US20050024640A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-03

申请号：US10832684

申请日：2004-04-26

Applicant: William Fateley ,  Ronald Coifman ,  Frank Geshwind ,  Richard DeVerse

Inventor： William Fateley ,  Ronald Coifman ,  Frank Geshwind ,  Richard DeVerse

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G02B27/10 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G02B27/1013 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/027 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/2846 ,  G01J3/2889 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/393 ,  G01N2021/6463 ,  G02B26/0833 ,  G02B26/0841 ,  G02B27/1086 ,  G02B27/126

Abstract: Encoded spatio-spectral information processing is performed using a system having a radiation source, wavelength dispersion device and two-dimensional switching array, such as digital micro-mirror array (DMA). In one aspect, spectral components from a sample are dispersed in space and modulated separately by the switching array, each element of which may operate according to a predetermined encoding pattern. The encoded spectral components can then be detected and analyzed. In a different aspect, the switching array can be used to provide a controllable radiation source for illuminating a sample with radiation patterns that have predetermined characteristics and separately encoded components. Various applications are disclosed.

公开(公告)号：US06762833B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-13

申请号：US10062607

申请日：2002-02-01

Applicant: Thomas W. Hagler

Inventor： Thomas W. Hagler

IPC: G01J304

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/0213 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J2003/2866

Abstract: A disc serving as a spatial radiation modulator has dispersed radiation filters thereon. Each filter has a transmittance or reflectance modulation function of the form sin2(m&thgr;+p&pgr;/4), where m is a positive integer and p has one of the four values 0, 1, 2, 3. A radiation beam including selected wavelength components is diffracted into an elongated image dispersed according to wavelength. Different wavelength components are focused onto different filters on the modulator and are encoded by correspond filters. Since the modulation functions of the filters are orthogonal to one another, it is possible to extract the amplitude of each wavelength component after it has been encoded or modulated by corresponding filter from the total detected signal during one measurement.

Abstract translation: 用作空间辐射调制器的盘在其上具有分散的辐射滤波器。 每个滤波器具有形式为sin 2（mθta+ ppi / 4）的透射率或反射调制函数，其中m是正整数，p具有四个值0,1,2,3中的一个。一种辐射束包括 选择的波长分量被衍射成根据波长分散的细长图像。 不同的波长分量聚焦在调制器上的不同滤波器上，并由相应的滤波器编码。 由于滤波器的调制功能彼此正交，因此可以在一次测量期间从总检测信号对相应的滤波器进行编码或调制之后提取每个波长分量的振幅。

公开(公告)号：US06753960B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-22

申请号：US10006533

申请日：2001-12-05

Applicant: Pavel G. Polynkin ,  Jeffrey P. Wilde

Inventor： Pavel G. Polynkin ,  Jeffrey P. Wilde

IPC: G01J328

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/2846 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/272 ,  G02B6/2793 ,  G02B6/2931 ,  G02B6/29311 ,  G02B6/29313 ,  G02B6/29391 ,  G02B6/4215 ,  G02B6/4249

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for optical spectral power monitoring employing novel frequency-division-multiplexing detection schemes. The optical spectral power monitoring apparatus of the present invention uses a wavelength-dispersing means (e.g., a diffraction grating) to separate a multi-wavelength optical signal into multiple spectral channels, and an array of beam-modulating elements (e.g., micromirrors) positioned such that each beam-modulating element receives a unique one of the spectral channels. The beam-modulating elements are individually controllable such that the optical power levels of the spectral channels coupled into an output port carry distinct dither modulation signals. By performing a synchronous detection of the dither modulation signals, in conjunction with a predetermined calibration table, an optical power spectrum of the multi-wavelength optical signal can be derived. Such dither modulation signals may also be used as “identification markers” (or frequency tags) for identifying individual spectral channels in an optical networking application.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种采用新型频分复用检测方案的光谱功率监测方法和装置。 本发明的光谱功率监测装置使用波长分散装置（例如，衍射光栅）将多波长光信号分离成多个光谱通道，并且将光束调制元件（例如，微镜）的阵列定位 使得每个光束调制元件接收唯一的光谱通道之一。 光束调制元件是可单独控制的，使得耦合到输出端口的光谱通道的光功率电平携带不同的抖动调制信号。 通过执行抖动调制信号的同步检测，结合预定的校准表，可以导出多波长光信号的光功率谱。 这种抖动调制信号也可以用作用于识别光学网络应用中的各个频谱信道的“识别标记”（或频率标签）。

公开(公告)号：US06664533B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-16

申请号：US09488453

申请日：2000-01-20

Applicant: Jan E. van der Laan ,  David E. Cooper ,  Russell E. Warren ,  Sylvie Carlisle

Inventor： Jan E. van der Laan ,  David E. Cooper ,  Russell E. Warren ,  Sylvie Carlisle

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: G01N21/538 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/1793

Abstract: This specification discloses a method and apparatus for the mobile and remote detection of a gas, such as methane, in the atmosphere. The apparatus includes a TDL based Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) driven at carrier frequency lying within the absorption line of the gas. The apparatus also drives the TDL with a modulation frequency to generate upper and lower sidebands in the output of the TDL and with a low ramp frequency to sweep the output of the TDL across twice the width of the pressure-broadened absorption line of the gas, preferably the first overtone absorption line in the case of methane detection. The apparatus include reference and calibration cells or chambers, and includes a light collector and detectors to detect the quantity and modulation of the light that passes the reference or calibration cells and that is received by the apparatus after reflection back toward the apparatus from an uncooperative target. The apparatus further includes a signal processor that applies a derivative spectroscopy technique, such as frequency modulation spectroscopy or wavelength modulation spectroscopy, to determine the presence of the gas in the atmosphere.

Abstract translation: 本说明书公开了一种用于在大气中移动和远程检测诸如甲烷的气体的方法和装置。 该装置包括在位于气体的吸收线内的载波频率下驱动的基于TDL的光检测和测距（LIDAR）。 该装置还驱动具有调制频率的TDL，以在TDL的输出中产生上边带和下边带，并具有低斜坡频率，以扫过TDL的输出跨过气体的加压扩大吸收线的两倍宽度， 在甲烷检测的情况下，优选地是第一泛音吸收线。 该装置包括参考和校准单元或室，并且包括光收集器和检测器，用于检测通过参考或校准单元的光的数量和调制，并且在从不合作的目标反射回设备之后由设备接收 。 该装置还包括信号处理器，其应用衍生光谱技术，例如频率调制光谱或波长调制光谱，以确定气体在大气中的存在。

公开(公告)号：US20030223068A1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-04

申请号：US10162023

申请日：2002-06-04

Applicant: Baker Hughes Incorporated

Inventor： Rocco DiFoggio ,  Arnold Walkow ,  Paul Bergren

IPC: G01J003/51

CPC classification number: G01J3/26 ,  E21B49/08 ,  E21B2049/085 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/4406 ,  G01N21/0317 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N2021/6421 ,  G01N2021/6439 ,  G01N2021/6482 ,  G01N2021/855

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple, robust, and versatile high-resolution spectrometer that is suitable for downhole use. The present invention provides a method and apparatus incorporating a spinning, oscillating or stepping optical interference filter to change the angle at which light passes through the filters after passing through a sample under analysis downhole. As each filter is tilted, the color or wavelength of light passed by the filter changes. Black plates are placed between the filters to isolate each filter's photodiode. The spectrometer of the present invention is suitable for use with a wire line formation tester, such as the Baker Atlas Reservation Characterization Instrument to provide supplemental analysis and monitoring of sample clean up. The present invention is also suitable for deployment in a monitoring while drilling environment. The present invention provides a high resolution spectometer which enables quantification of a crude oil's percentage of aromatics, olefins, and saturates to estimate a sample's gas oil ratio (GOR). Gases such as CO2 are also detectable. The percentage of oil-based mud filtrate contamination in a crude oil sample can be estimated with the present invention by using a suitable training set and chemometrics, a neural network, or other type of correlation method.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种适用于井下使用的简单，坚固且通用的高分辨率光谱仪。 本发明提供了一种包括旋转，振荡或步进光学干涉滤光器的方法和装置，以改变在通过井下分析的样品之后光通过滤光器的角度。 当每个滤光片倾斜时，由滤光片传出的光线的颜色或波长发生变化。 过滤器之间放置黑色板，以隔离每个过滤器的光电二极管。 本发明的光谱仪适合与线形成测试仪一起使用，例如Baker Atlas Reservation Characterization Instrument，以提供对样品清理的补充分析和监测。 本发明也适用于在钻井环境中进行监视。 本发明提供了一种高分辨率光谱仪，其能够定量原油的芳烃，烯烃和饱和物的百分比，以估计样品的瓦斯油比（GOR）。 气体如二氧化碳也是可以检测的。 通过使用合适的训练集和化学计量学，神经网络或其他类型的相关方法，可以用本发明估算原油样品中油基泥浆滤液污染物的百分比。

公开(公告)号：US06651015B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-18

申请号：US10259838

申请日：2002-09-30

Applicant: James Samsoondar

Inventor： James Samsoondar

IPC: G01R1300

CPC classification number: G01N21/4785 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/274

Abstract: Described is a method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a future sample that is measured on a second apparatus. This method involves incorporating, in a second apparatus, at least one primary calibration algorithm that is developed using absorbances of samples from a primary calibration set. The absorbances, which are optionally pre-processed prior to primary calibration algorithm development, are obtained from one or more first apparatus. The absorbance values of the future sample are measured on the second apparatus at one or more than one wavelength from a standard set of wavelengths, and a concentration of the analyte in the future sample is calculated by applying the Primary Calibration Algorithm to the optionally pre-processed absorbance of the future sample obtained from the second apparatus.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于确定在第二装置上测量的未来样品中分析物的浓度的方法。 该方法涉及在第二装置中并入使用来自主校准集的样本的吸光度开发的至少一个主校准算法。 在一次校准算法开发之前任选地预处理的吸光度是从一个或多个第一装置获得的。 将来自样品的吸光度值在来自标准波长组合的一个或多于一个波长处的第二装置上测量，未来样品中分析物的浓度通过将主要校准算法应用于任选的预处理 从第二装置获得的未来样品的加工吸光度。

公开(公告)号：US20030093230A1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-15

申请号：US10259838

申请日：2002-09-30

Inventor： James Samsoondar

IPC: G06F019/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/4785 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/274

Abstract: Described is a method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a future sample that is measured on a second apparatus. This method involves incorporating, in a second apparatus, at least one primary calibration algorithm that is developed using absorbances of samples from a primary calibration set. The absorbances, which are optionally pre-processed prior to primary calibration algorithm development, are obtained from one or more first apparatus. The absorbance values of the future sample are measured on the second apparatus at one or more than one wavelength from a standard set of wavelengths, and a concentration of the analyte in the future sample is calculated by applying the Primary Calibration Algorithm to the optionally pre-processed absorbance of the future sample obtained from the second apparatus.

公开(公告)号：US06509968B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-21

申请号：US09572277

申请日：2000-05-17

Applicant: Paul P. Woskov ,  Kamal Hadidi

Inventor： Paul P. Woskov ,  Kamal Hadidi

IPC: G01J302

CPC classification number: G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0213 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J5/62

Abstract: In embodiments, spectroscopic monitor monitors modulated light signals to detect low levels of contaminants and other compounds in the presence of background interference. The monitor uses a spectrometer that includes a transmissive modulator capable of causing different frequency ranges to move onto and off of the detector. The different ranges can include those with the desired signal and those selected to subtract background contributions from those with the desired signal. Embodiments of the system are particularly useful for monitoring metal concentrations in combustion effluent.

Abstract translation: 在实施例中，分光监视器监视调制光信号以在背景干扰的存在下检测低水平的污染物和其它化合物。 监视器使用包括能够使不同频率范围移动到检测器上的透射调制器的光谱仪。 不同的范围可以包括具有期望信号的那些，以及那些被选择用于从具有期望信号的那些中减去背景贡献的范围。 该系统的实施例对于监测燃烧流出物中的金属浓度特别有用。

公开(公告)号：US20020057431A1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-16

申请号：US09798860

申请日：2001-03-01

Inventor： William G. Fateley ,  Ronald R. Coifman ,  Frank Geshwind ,  Richard A. DeVerse

IPC: G01J003/02 ,  G01J003/04

CPC classification number: G02B27/1013 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/027 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/2846 ,  G01J3/2889 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/393 ,  G01N2021/6463 ,  G02B26/0833 ,  G02B26/0841 ,  G02B27/1086 ,  G02B27/126

Abstract: Encoded spatio-spectral information processing is performed using a system having a radiation source, wavelength dispersion device and two-dimensional switching array, such as digital micro-mirror array (DMA). In one aspect, spectral components from a sample are dispersed in space and modulated separately by the switching array, each element of which may operate according to a predetermined encoding pattern. The encoded spectral components can then be detected and analyzed. In a different aspect, the switching array can be used to provide a controllable radiation source for illuminating a sample with radiation patterns that have predetermined characteristics and separately encoded components. Various applications are disclosed.

Abstract translation: 使用具有辐射源，波长色散器件和二维开关阵列（例如数字微镜阵列（DMA））的系统执行编码空间光谱信息处理。 在一个方面，来自样本的频谱分量被分散在空间中，并且由开关阵列分开调制，开关阵列的每个元件可以根据预定的编码模式进行操作。 然后可以检测和分析编码的光谱分量。 在不同的方面，开关阵列可以用于提供用于利用具有预定特征的辐射图案和分开编码的部件来照射样本的可控辐射源。 公开了各种应用。