Abstract:
A method for fabricating a thin-film solar cell. The method includes rolling a flexible substrate prepared with a metalized surface out of a roll to move linearly with a speed. The method further includes forming a back-electrode film overlying the metalized surface moving with the speed. Additionally, the method includes forming a stack of films comprising at least copper, gallium, and indium overlying the back-electrode film and forming a Se-alloy layer overlying the stack of films. Furthermore, the method includes depositing a Se—Na bearing film overlying the Se-alloy layer from a vacuum evaporator having at least two sources. Moreover, the method includes performing a thickness measurement in real time for the back-electrode film, the stack of films, and the Se-alloy layer on the flexible substrate moving with the speed to control the Se-alloy layer in a thickness of 10-100 nm corresponding to the Se—Na film in a thickness of 1-3 microns.
Abstract:
A nodular graphite, heat-resistant cast iron composition for use in engine systems. The composition contains carbon 1.5-2.4 weight %, silicon 5.4-7.0 weight %, manganese 0.5-1.5 weight %, nickel 22.0-28.0 weight %, chromium 1.5-3.0 weight %, molybdenum 0.1-1.0 weight %, magnesium 0.03-0.1 weight %, and a balance weight % being substantially iron. The composition has an austenitic matrix. Additionally, the composition exhibits excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature and excellent mechanical properties at both room and high temperatures. Thus, the composition can be a lower cost substitute material for Ni-Resist D5S under thermocycling conditions experienced by exhaust gas accessories and housings such as engine exhaust manifolds, turbocharger housings, and catalytic converter housings.
Abstract:
A solar cell has a first surface and the second surface areas. The first surface is a semi-cylindrical area or modified semi-cylindrical area. The first surface is a flattened area. Sunlight strikes the semi-cylindrical area of the solar cell surface with a maximum incident angle from sunrise to sunset. A mirror may be attached on the top surface of the solar cell to further improve the efficiency.
Abstract:
A nodular, compacted graphite or other hybrid or duplex graphite morphology cast high silicon iron is disclosed which contains up to 1.5% tungsten, up to 0.8% vanadium, and up to 1.2% niobium; and at least 60.0% iron, all percentages are based on the total weight of the composition. This cast iron exhibits high strength and good ductility over a wide temperature range compared to the conventional SiMo ductile iron. The compositions may further contain, up to 1.5% molybdenum and up to 1.0% chromium to offer improvements in material strength. The compositions may include 0.2 to 0.5% by weight aluminum and up to 1.2% chromium for further oxidation resistance and 0.5 to 5.0% nickel for corrosion resistance.
Abstract:
A microelectronic assembly includes a first microelectronic element having a first face and contacts accessible at the first face, and a layer of a dielectric material having a bottom surface contacting the first microelectronic element, a top surface facing away from the first microelectronic element and holes extending between the top and bottom faces in alignment with the contacts on the first microelectronic element. The assembly includes conductive protrusions extending through the holes to the contacts, the conductive protrusions projecting beyond the top surface of the dielectric layer. The assembly also has a second microelectronic element having a first surface with conductive elements being accessible at the first surface thereof, the second microelectronic element being assembled with the first microelectronic element so that the contacts of the second microelectronic element are connected with the conductive protrusions and the top surface of the dielectric layer is spaced from the first surface of the second microelectronic element.
Abstract:
A method 10 for making a multi-layer electronic circuit board 110 having electroplated apertures 18, 20 which may be selectively and electrically isolated from electrically grounded member 12 and further having selectively formed air bridges and/or crossover members 50 which are structurally supported by material 54, and further having certain exposed connection surfaces 112, selectively and electrically connected to certain electrically conductive members 34, 42, and 44.
Abstract:
An optical component formed from a fiber directly coupled to a photodiode without any intervening optical components such as mirrors or lenses is disclosed. The optical component includes a stripped optical fiber having a core with a flat distal end that extends through a ferrule. The distal flat end of the core is printed with an annular coating of metal leaving a central portion of the core uncovered. The coated flat end of the core is initially aligned with an aperture or active area of a rear side of a back-illuminated photodiode which also includes a coating of metal. With the two parts in abutting engagement, a reflow or a partial melting process is carried out to directly couple the fiber core to the photodiode.
Abstract:
A multi-layer circuit board having apertures that are selectively and electrically isolated from electrically grounded member and further having selectively formed air bridges and/or crossover members which are structurally supported by a polymeric material. Each of the apertures selectively receives an electrically conductive material.
Abstract:
A method for making a multi-layer circuit board 116 having apertures 96, 98 which may be selectively and electrically isolated from electrically grounded member 46 and further having selectively formed air bridges and/or crossover members 104 which are structurally supported by material 112. Each of the apertures 96, 98 selectively receives electrically conductive material 114.
Abstract:
A method 10 for making multi-layer electronic circuit boards having metallized apertures 34, 36 which may be selectively and electrically grounded or isolated from an electrical ground plane.