Abstract:
A spectrometer assembly (10) comprises a light source (11) with a continuous spectrum, a pre-monochromator (2) for generating a spectrum with a relatively small linear dispersion from which a spectral portion is selectable, the spectral bandwidth of such spectral portion being smaller than or equal to the bandwidth of the free spectral range of such order in the echelle spectrum wherein the centre wavelength of the selected spectral interval is measurable with maximum blaze efficiency, an echelle spectrometer (4) with means for wavelength calibration, an entrance slit (21) at the pre-monochromator (2), an intermediate slit assembly (50) with an intermediate slit (3) and a spatially resolving light detector (5) in the exit plane of the spectrometer for the detection of wavelength spectra. The assembly is characterised in that the width of the intermediate slit (3) is larger than the monochromatic image of the entrance slit generated by the pre-monochromator at the location of the intermediate slit, and means for calibrating the pre-monochromator are provided, which are adapted to calibrate the light of the light source with a continuous spectrum on the detector to a reference position.
Abstract:
A spectrophotometer having functions of both of a double-monochromator and a single-monochromator including a light source, a first spectroscope having a first slit through which light from the light source passes and a first dispersion element for dispersing the light from the first slit, a second spectroscope having a second slit for receiving light dispersed from the first dispersion element for dispersing the light from the second slit, and a third slit for receiving the light dispersed from the second dispersion element. A sample compartment is provided for transmitting the light from the first dispersion element or from the third slit directly to a detector or through a sample to the detector. An optical unit is provided for changing transmitting light paths between a first light path for transmitting the light from the first dispersion element to the sample compartment through a fourth slit and a second light path for transmitting the light from the third slit to the sample compartment. A length of a light path from the first dispersion element to the second slit is equal to a length of a light path from the first dispersion element to the fourth slit.
Abstract:
An optical system comprises a wearable device for measuring one or more physiological parameters. The physiological parameters may change in response to stretching of the hand or movement of fingers or thumb of the user, or the parameters may be related to blood constituents or blood flow. The wearable device comprises a light source with a plurality of semiconductor diodes and a detection system that measures reflected light from tissue comprising skin. The semiconductor diodes may be light emitting diodes or laser diodes. The signal to noise ratio for the output signal may be improved by synchronizing the detection system to the light source, increasing light intensity of at least one of the plurality of semiconductor diodes from an initial light intensity, and using change detection that compares light on versus light off for the detection system output. The wearable device is also configured to identify an object.
Abstract:
A monochromator apparatus for an optical spectrum analyzer may include a diffraction grating, a rotatable oblique prism reflector element with a non-right-angle apex angle, and a mirror. An input optical beam received from an input component may be diffracted by the grating element and reflected by a reflector element, where the reflector element may include a rotatable oblique prism with an apex angle that is different from a right angle. A mirror may reflect the reflected diffracted optical beam back to the reflector element and the grating element. An output optical beam from the grating element may be provided via an output element to a detection element for high resolution optical measurement. The oblique prism reflector element may reduce or eliminate a Littrow ghost effect or secondary ghost effects caused by the grating element.
Abstract:
A smart phone or tablet includes laser diodes, at least some of which may be pulsed and generate near-infrared light and include Bragg reflectors to direct light to tissue/skin. An array of laser diodes generates near-infrared light and has an assembly in front of the array that forms the light into a plurality of spots on the tissue/skin. A receiver includes detectors that receive light reflected from the tissue/skin. An infrared camera receives light reflected from the tissue/skin and generates data based on the received light. The smart phone or tablet is configured to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image using at least part of the data from the infrared camera.
Abstract:
A wearable device includes a measurement device having light emitting diodes (LEDs) measuring a physiological parameter. The measurement device modulates the LEDs to generate an optical beam having a near-infrared wavelength between 700-2500 nanometers. Lenses receive and deliver the optical beam to tissue, which reflects the optical beam to a receiver having spatially separated detectors coupled to analog-to-digital converters configured to generate receiver outputs. The receiver captures light while the LEDs are off, and reflected light from the tissue while the LEDs are on, to generate first and second signals, respectively. Signal-to-noise ratio is improved by differencing the first and second signals and by differencing the receiver outputs. The measurement device further improves signal-to-noise ratio of the reflected optical beam by increasing light intensity of the LEDs relative to an initial light intensity. The measurement device generates an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the tissue.
Abstract:
A wearable device for use with a smart phone or tablet includes a measurement device having a light source with a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for measuring physiological parameters and configured to generate an optical beam with wavelengths including a near-infrared wavelength between 700 and 2500 nanometers. The measurement device includes lenses configured to deliver the optical beam to a sample of skin or tissue, which reflects the optical beam to a receiver located a first distance from one of the LEDs and a different distance from another of the LEDs, and is also configured to generate an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the sample. The wearable device is configured to communicate with the smart phone or tablet, which receives, processes, stores and displays the output signal with the processed output signal configured to be transmitted over a wireless transmission link.
Abstract:
A spectrometer having slit and detector elements located on the optical axis of the spectrometer, resulting in substantially increased spectral and spatial fields of the spectrometer. The spectrometer being more compact than current designs, while providing superior spatial and spectral image quality and resolution.
Abstract:
A wearable device for use with a smart phone or tablet includes a measurement device having a plurality of LEDs generating a near-infrared input optical beam that measures physiological parameters. The measurement device includes lenses configured to receive and to deliver the input beam to skin which reflects the beam. The measurement device includes a reflective surface configured to receive and redirect the light from the skin, and a receiver configured to receive the reflected beam. The light source is configured to increase a signal-to-noise ratio of the input beam reflected from the skin by increasing the light intensity from the LEDs and modulation of the LEDs. The measurement device is configured to generate an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the skin. The wearable device is configured to wirelessly communicate with the smart phone or tablet which receives and processes the output signal.
Abstract:
A measurement system includes semiconductor light sources generating an input beam, optical amplifiers receiving the input beam and delivering an intermediate beam, and fused silica fibers with core diameters less than 400 microns receiving and delivering the intermediate beam to the fibers forming a first optical beam. A nonlinear element receives the first optical beam and broadens the spectrum to at least 10 nm through a nonlinear effect to form the output optical beam which includes a near-infrared wavelength of 700-2500 nm. A measurement apparatus is configured to receive the output optical beam and deliver it to a sample to generate a spectroscopy output beam. A receiver receives the spectroscopy output beam having a bandwidth of at least 10 nm and processes the beam to generate an output signal, wherein the light source and the receiver are remote from the sample, and wherein the sample comprises plastics or food industry goods.