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    Method of reducing noise in seismic signals by adaptive filtering of a noise reference
    13.
    发明授权
    Method of reducing noise in seismic signals by adaptive filtering of a noise reference 失效
    通过噪声参考的自适应滤波降低地震信号噪声的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5572483A

    公开(公告)日：1996-11-05

    申请号：US507653

    申请日：1995-07-25

    Applicant: Ronald E. Chambers ,  Gary A. Sitton ,  Josef Paffenholz

    Inventor： Ronald E. Chambers ,  Gary A. Sitton ,  Josef Paffenholz

    IPC: G01V1/36 ,  G01J1/36

    CPC classification number: G01V1/364 ,  G01V2210/27 ,  G01V2210/32

    Abstract: A method of reducing effects of noise in seismic signals generated by a plurality of seismic sensors at spaced apart locations from a seismic source is disclosed. Each of the signals is represented by a signal trace in a record section. The method includes the steps of isolating noise in the signal traces, time aligning corresponding portions of the noise in the traces thereby generating time-aligned noise traces, stacking the time-aligned noise trace to generate a stacked noise trace, replicating the stacked noise trace at each corresponding trace position in the record section, restoring the replicated traces to the original trace time positions by reversing the step of time-aligning to generate noise signature traces, comparing the noise signature traces to corresponding signal traces to generate filters which substantially minimize a measure of the difference between the noise signature traces and the signal traces. The noise signature traces are then filtered and the resulting filtered noise signature traces are subtracted from the signal traces. In a preferred embodiment the steps of comparing, generating filters, filtering and subtracting comprise linear adaptive filtering.In a particular embodiment the step of isolating the noise comprises bandpass filtering the signal traces.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种减少由地震信号产生的地震信号中的噪声对来自地震源的间隔开的位置的影响的方法。 每个信号由记录部分中的信号迹线表示。 该方法包括以下步骤：隔离信号迹线中的噪声，时间对准迹线中噪声的对应部分，从而产生时间对准的噪声迹线，堆叠时间对准的噪声迹线以产生堆叠的噪声迹线，复制叠加的噪声迹线 在记录部分的每个对应的跟踪位置处，通过反转时间对准的步骤来产生噪声签名轨迹，将复制的迹线恢复到原始的跟踪时间位置，将噪声签名轨迹与相应的信号轨迹进行比较，以产生基本上最小化 测量噪声签名轨迹和信号轨迹之间的差异。 然后对噪声签名轨迹进行滤波，并从信号迹线中减去所得到的滤波噪声特征轨迹。 在优选实施例中，比较，生成滤波器，滤波和减法的步骤包括线性自适应滤波。 在特定实施例中，隔离噪声的步骤包括对信号迹线进行带通滤波。

    Apparatus for determining the diffuse reflectivity of a sample surface of small dimensions
    14.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for determining the diffuse reflectivity of a sample surface of small dimensions 失效
    用于确定小尺寸的样品表面的漫反射率的装置

    公开(公告)号：US4676653A

    公开(公告)日：1987-06-30

    申请号：US644870

    申请日：1984-08-27

    Applicant: Werner Strohmeier ,  Dieter Knoll ,  Erich Handler

    Inventor： Werner Strohmeier ,  Dieter Knoll ,  Erich Handler

    IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/36 ,  G01N21/47

    CPC classification number: G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/8483 ,  G01J1/1626 ,  G01J1/36 ,  G01N2021/478 ,  G01N2201/062

    Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining the diffuse reflectivity of a sample surface of small dimensions, especially of the test field of a test strip for determining the substances contained in a body fluid. The apparatus has a semiconductor light emitter, especially a light-emitting diode, for the emission of visible or infrared light to the sample surface, a measuring receiver for receiving the light diffusely reflected by the sample surface and producing an electrical signal corresponding thereto, an evaluating means including an electronic circuit for converting the receiver signal to a value corresponding to the diffuse reflectivity, and a reference channel using the light from the same emitter for the calibration of the apparatus and for the elimination of errors of measurement caused by variations of the emitter or of other electronic components.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于确定小尺寸的样品表面，特别是用于测定体液中所含物质的测试条的测试场的漫反射率的装置。 该装置具有用于向样品表面发射可见光或红外光的半导体光发射器，特别是发光二极管，用于接收由样品表面漫反射反射的光并产生与其对应的电信号的测量接收器， 评估装置，包括用于将接收机信号转换为与漫反射率相对应的值的电子电路，以及使用来自相同发射器的光用于校准装置的参考通道，以及消除由于扩散反射率的变化引起的测量误差 发射器或其他电子元件。

    Optical head
    15.
    发明授权
    Optical head 失效
    光头

    公开(公告)号：US4656348A

    公开(公告)日：1987-04-07

    申请号：US598434

    申请日：1984-04-09

    Applicant: Hideo Ando

    Inventor： Hideo Ando

    IPC: G11B7/09 ,  G11B7/135 ,  G01J1/36 ,  G11B7/00

    CPC classification number: G11B7/1381 ,  G11B7/0908 ,  G11B7/0916

    Abstract: In the optical head, laser beams are converged by the objective lens and projected on the light-receiving surface of the optical disk. The diverged laser beam is reflected by the light-receiving surface, converged by the objective lens into parallel laser beams, and directed to the light shielding plate. Only the laser beam passing through the region spaced from the optical axis is picked up by the light shielding plate, and part of this laser beam is converged by a convergent lens and projected on photo insensitive and first and second photo sensitive regions of the photo detecting unit. The regions of the photo detecting unit are deviated by .DELTA. from a back focal point of the convergent lens, and the optical axis of the convergent lens passes through one of the first and second photo sensitive regions. The photo insensitive region has a width d which is not more than twice the larger of absolute values .vertline.h3(.DELTA., .delta.c).vertline. and .vertline.h3(.DELTA., -.delta.C).vertline. of variables given as follows:h3(.DELTA., .delta.c)={.-+..DELTA./m+2m.delta.c}(yO/F)h3(.DELTA., -.delta.c)-{.-+..DELTA./m-2m.delta.c}(yO/F)where .+-..delta.c is a maximum defocusing allowance with respect to the convergent point of the objective lens, m is a magnification of the beam spot formed on the regions of the photodector, yO is a radius of an exit pupil of the objective lens, and F is a distance between a principal point of the objective lens and the convergent point of the objective lens.

    Abstract translation: 在光头中，激光束被物镜会聚并投射在光盘的光接收表面上。 发散的激光束被光接收表面反射，被物镜会聚成平行的激光束，并被引导到遮光板。 只有通过与光轴间隔开的区域的激光束被遮光板拾取，并且该激光束的一部分被会聚透镜会聚并投影在光敏感和光检测的第一和第二光敏区域 单元。 光检测单元的区域从会聚透镜的后焦点偏离DELTA，会聚透镜的光轴穿过第一和第二光敏区域中的一个。 不敏感区域的宽度d不大于绝对值| h3（DELTA，delta c）|和| h3（DELTA，-δC）|的更大值的两倍，给出如下：h3（DELTA，delta c）= { - / + DELTA / m + 2m delta c}（yO / F）h3（DELTA，-δc） - { - / + DELTA / m-2m delta c}（yO / delta c是相对于物镜的会聚点的最大散焦余量，m是形成在光电探测器的区域上的光束点的倍率，y O是物镜的出射光瞳的半径，F是 物镜的主点与物镜的会聚点之间的距离。

    Optical head
    16.
    发明授权
    Optical head 失效
    光头

    公开(公告)号：US4654516A

    公开(公告)日：1987-03-31

    申请号：US625792

    申请日：1984-06-28

    Applicant: Hideo Ando

    Inventor： Hideo Ando

    IPC: G02B7/28 ,  G11B7/085 ,  G11B7/09 ,  G11B7/135 ,  G11B7/1381 ,  G01J1/36 ,  G11B7/00

    CPC classification number: G11B7/1381 ,  G11B7/08511 ,  G11B7/0916 ,  G11B7/0948 ,  G11B7/0909

    Abstract: In an optical head, a laser beam emitted from a laser unit is converged by an objective lens and is projected toward a light reflecting layer of an optical disk. The laser beam reflected by the light reflecting layer is directed toward a light shielding plate through the objective lens. One part of the laser beam is shielded by the light shielding plate, and the other part thereof is converged by the projection lens and is projected on the photo sensitive regions. When the objective lens is kept in the just in-focusing state, a differential signal between photo signals generated from the photo sensitive regions is maintained at zero level. The differential signal is set at zero level when the objective lens is located at a transition point corresponding to a distance .delta.tf within the defocusing range. The beam spot formed by the light beam when the objective lens is located in the transition point extends outside the photo sensitive regions. In this case, an area Sout of a beam spot portion outside the photo sensitive regions is set to be a value 3Sin which is three times an area of a beam spot portion Sin within the photo sensitive regions.

    Abstract translation: 在光学头中，从激光单元发射的激光束被物镜会聚，并朝向光盘的光反射层投影。 由光反射层反射的激光束通过物镜指向遮光板。 激光束的一部分被遮光板屏蔽，其另一部分被投影透镜会聚并投射在光敏区域上。 当物镜保持在正好聚焦状态时，从感光区域产生的光信号之间的差分信号保持在零电平。 当物镜位于对应于散焦范围内的距离Δtf的转变点时，差分信号被设置为零电平。 当物镜位于转换点时由光束形成的光束点在光敏区域的外部延伸。 在这种情况下，光敏区域外的光束点部分的区域Sout被设定为光敏区域内的光束点部分Sin的面积的三倍的值3Sin。

    Phase-locked timing system for a spectrophotometer
    17.
    发明授权
    Phase-locked timing system for a spectrophotometer 失效
    分光光度计的锁相计时系统

    公开(公告)号：US4644485A

    公开(公告)日：1987-02-17

    申请号：US651196

    申请日：1984-09-14

    Applicant: Alan C. Ferber ,  Morteza M. Chamran, deceased

    Inventor： Alan C. Ferber ,  Morteza M. Chamran, deceased

    IPC: G01J1/36 ,  G02B26/04 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01R23/00

    CPC classification number: G01J1/36 ,  G02B26/04

    Abstract: A timing system for a spectrophotometer having a line driven chopper including a rotating disc with alternate open and opaque segments, index apertures in the disc spaced at invariant angular relationship to one of the open segments for providing indexing pulses having fixed time relationship to the light segments, and a programmable microcomputer assembly for generating a string of timing pulses for timing spectrophotometer operations and adjusting the rate of the timing pulses to provide a fixed number between indexing pulses in fixed phase relationship thereto.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于分光光度计的定时系统，其具有线驱动的斩波器，其包括具有交替的开放和不透明段的旋转盘，所述盘中的折射孔与所述开放段之一间隔开不变的角度关系，以提供具有与所述光段的固定时间关系的分度脉冲 以及可编程微计算机组件，用于产生用于定时分光光度计操作的定时脉冲串并且调整定时脉冲的速率以在与其固定相位关系的指数脉冲之间提供固定数量。

    Data correcting device in an automatic focus detecting system
    18.
    发明授权
    Data correcting device in an automatic focus detecting system 失效
    自动对焦检测系统中的数据校正装置

    公开(公告)号：US4633073A

    公开(公告)日：1986-12-30

    申请号：US582736

    申请日：1984-02-23

    Applicant: Yoshiaki Horikawa

    Inventor： Yoshiaki Horikawa

    IPC: G03B13/36 ,  G02B7/28 ,  G02B7/34 ,  G03B3/00 ,  G01J1/36

    CPC classification number: G02B7/34

    Abstract: An automatic focus detecting device comprising a photoelectric converting device formed by arranging many elements, a pupil divider capable of forming two object images on the photoelectric converting device through different light paths, a device capable of detecting an in-focus position by processing two image data obtained as output signals from the photoelectric converting device, a device for determining the reciprocal numbers of the output signals obtained by applying a uniform light onto the photoelectric converting device and a device for receiving the image data to correct the signals for output multiplying the image data by these reciprocal numbers in order to enable accurate focusing. The photoelectric converting device is so arranged as to receive the light having passed through an infrared cut filter or a band pass filter.

    Abstract translation: 一种自动对焦检测装置，包括通过布置许多元件形成的光电转换装置，能够通过不同光路在光电转换装置上形成两个物体图像的光瞳分割器，能够通过处理两个图像数据来检测对焦位置的装置 作为来自光电转换装置的输出信号获得的装置，用于确定通过对光电转换装置施加均匀光而获得的输出信号的倒数的装置和用于接收图像数据的装置，以校正用于输出的图像数据相乘的装置 通过这些倒数来实现精确的聚焦。 光电转换装置被布置为接收通过红外截止滤光器或带通滤光器的光。

    Fluorescence intensity compensation method and device
    19.
    发明授权
    Fluorescence intensity compensation method and device 失效
    荧光强度补偿方法及装置

    公开(公告)号：US4622468A

    公开(公告)日：1986-11-11

    申请号：US754659

    申请日：1985-07-15

    Applicant: Andrew Stefanski ,  Alfred H. Sturtevant ,  Michael G. Konicek ,  Peter E. Lobban

    Inventor： Andrew Stefanski ,  Alfred H. Sturtevant ,  Michael G. Konicek ,  Peter E. Lobban

    IPC: G01J1/36 ,  G01N21/64

    CPC classification number: G01N21/64 ,  G01J1/36 ,  G01N2201/127 ,  G01N2201/12753

    Abstract: Variations in the intensity of a light source and the sensitivity of a fluorescence detector photo-multiplier tube are simultaneously compensated by measuring the intensity (I.sub.LS1) of the light source at the sample excitation frequency with a silicon detector, measuring the intensity (I.sub.LS2) of the light source at the emission frequency with another silicon detector, measuring with the photo-multiplier detector the intensity (I.sub.S) of the sample's fluorescence and the intensity (I.sub.LS3) of the light source at the emission frequency of the sample and then calculating a value F as representative of the sample's fluorescence according to the formula: ##EQU1##

    Abstract translation: 通过用硅检测器测量样品激发频率下的光源的强度（ILS1），同时补偿光源强度的变化和荧光检测器光电倍增管的灵敏度，测量光源的强度（ILS2） 用另一硅检测器的发射频率的光源，用光电倍增管检测器测量样品的荧光强度（IS）和光源在样品发射频率下的强度（ILS3），然后计算值 F作为样品荧光的代表，根据以下公式：

    Focus condition detection device for cameras
    20.
    发明授权
    Focus condition detection device for cameras 失效
    摄像机对焦条件检测装置

    公开(公告)号：US4529287A

    公开(公告)日：1985-07-16

    申请号：US639672

    申请日：1984-08-08

    Applicant: Toshihiko Karasaki ,  Hiromu Mukai ,  Kunio Kawamura

    Inventor： Toshihiko Karasaki ,  Hiromu Mukai ,  Kunio Kawamura

    IPC: G02B7/28 ,  G02B7/34 ,  G03B3/00 ,  G01J1/36

    CPC classification number: G02B7/34

    Abstract: A focus condition detecting device of the type in which a pair of re-imaging lenses together with a condenser lens form a pair of re-images of an object image on a linesensor, such that the distance between the corresponding points of the re-images on the linesensor varies with the focus condition of a camera objective lens has an improved construction for positioning the linesensor with respect to the device with high accuracy. A field aperture mask having a field aperture is arranged optically behind a plane conjugate with the linesensor with respect to the re-imaging lenses and the condenser lens such that a pair of defocused images of the field aperture are formed on the linesensor by the re-imaging lenses and the condenser lens with respective one side blurred borders of the defocused images overlapping one another to make a V-shaped peak or dip of illuminance on a photocell of the linesensor located on the optical axis of the device, when the field aperture mask is uniformly illuminated. The device is formed into a module attachable on a camera.

    Abstract translation: 一种聚焦条件检测装置，其中一对重新成像透镜与聚光透镜一起形成一对在传感器上的对象图像的重新图像，使得重新图像的对应点之间的距离 在线传感器随着相机物镜的聚焦条件而变化具有改进的结构，用于高精度地相对于设备定位线传感器。 具有场孔径的场光阑掩模被光学地布置在相对于重新成像透镜和聚光透镜与线传感器共轭的平面上，使得通过重新形成在线传感器上的一对散焦图像， 成像透镜和聚光透镜，其中相对于彼此重叠的散焦图像的相对一侧的模糊边界使得位于设备的光轴上的线传感器的光电管上的V形峰值或照度倾斜，当场光圈掩模 均匀照明。 该装置形成为可附接在相机上的模块。

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