公开(公告)号：US07049575B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-23

申请号：US10659215

申请日：2003-09-09

Applicant: Steve Hotelling

Inventor： Steve Hotelling

IPC: H01J40/14

CPC classification number: G01J1/4204 ,  G01J1/00

Abstract: A system and method for sensing ambient light. The system has a first sensor for measuring a first ambient light level and a second sensor for measuring a second ambient light level. A processor in communication with the first sensor and the second sensor is configured to determine a relative intensity change in the ambient light levels for each of the first and second sensors. The processor also determines an ambient stability probability in response to the relative intensity changes in order to generate first and second filtered ambient light levels which are used as ambient light measurements.

Abstract translation: 一种用于感测环境光的系统和方法。 该系统具有用于测量第一环境光级的第一传感器和用于测量第二环境光级的第二传感器。 与第一传感器和第二传感器通信的处理器被配置为确定第一和第二传感器中的每一个的环境光水平的相对强度变化。 处理器还确定响应于相对强度变化的环境稳定性概率，以便产生用作环境光测量的第一和第二滤波环境光水平。

公开(公告)号：US06987571B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-17

申请号：US09818450

申请日：2001-03-27

Applicant: Noboru Yamakawa ,  Toshihiro Taguchi

Inventor： Noboru Yamakawa ,  Toshihiro Taguchi

IPC: G01B11/30 ,  G01N21/55 ,  H01L27/00 ,  H01L40/14

CPC classification number: G01J1/00

Abstract: A sensor head has a multiplicity of linear image sensors in correspondence with different radial directions of light emitted from a pixel in a pixel line of an LCD panel. The linear image sensors extends in the direction of the axis of an imaginary semi-cylinder. The linear image sensors have light receiving faces that are angularly spaced apart on an imaginary semi-cylinder, with their light receiving faces having normals passing through the axis of the imaginary semi-cylinder. Interposed in the space between the LCD pixel and the linear image sensors is an optical system having a multiplicity of light paths associated with respective angular components of the radiation emitted from the pixel line. Each of the light paths receives a predetermined angular component of light and transmits the light thus reveived to a corresponding one of the linear image sensors.

Abstract translation: 传感器头具有与从LCD面板的像素线中的像素发射的光的不同径向方向对应的多个线性图像传感器。 线性图像传感器沿虚拟半圆柱体的轴线的方向延伸。 线性图像传感器具有在虚拟半圆柱体上成角度间隔开的光接收面，其光接收面具有通过假想半圆柱体的轴线的法线。 插入在LCD像素和线性图像传感器之间的空间中的是具有与从像素线发射的辐射的各个角度分量相关联的多个光路的光学系统。 每个光路接收预定的角分量的光，并且将如此转发的光传送到相应的一个线性图像传感器。

公开(公告)号：US20010036002A1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-01

申请号：US09880120

申请日：2001-06-13

Inventor： Guillermo Tearney ,  Brett E. Bouma ,  James G. Fujimoto

IPC: G02F001/23 ,  G02F001/01 ,  G02F001/11

CPC classification number: B82Y15/00 ,  A61B1/00096 ,  A61B1/00172 ,  A61B1/00183 ,  A61B3/1005 ,  A61B3/102 ,  A61B5/0064 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/6852 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/002 ,  G01B11/026 ,  G01B11/12 ,  G01B11/2441 ,  G01B2290/20 ,  G01B2290/35 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G02B5/1828 ,  G02B26/06 ,  G02B27/4233 ,  G02B27/4244 ,  G02B27/4255 ,  G11B7/005 ,  G11B7/08564 ,  G11B7/127 ,  G11B7/1353 ,  G11B7/24 ,  G11B2007/0013 ,  H01S5/141

Abstract: An apparatus for performing high speed scanning of an optical delay and its application for performing optical interferometry, ranging, and imaging, including cross sectional imaging using optical coherence tomography, is disclosed. The apparatus achieves optical delay scanning by using diffractive optical elements in conjunction with imaging optics. In one embodiment a diffraction grating disperses an optical beam into different spectral frequency or wavelength components which are collimated by a lens. A mirror is placed one focal length away from the lens and the alteration of the grating groove density, the grating input angle, the grating output angle, and/or the mirror tilt produce a change in optical group and phase delay. This apparatus permits the optical group and phase delay to be scanned by scanning the angle of the mirror. In other embodiments, this device permits optical delay scanning without the use of moving parts.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于执行光学延迟的高速扫描的装置及其用于执行光学干涉测量，测距和成像的应用，包括使用光学相干断层摄影的横截面成像。 该装置通过使用衍射光学元件结合成像光学器件实现光学延迟扫描。 在一个实施例中，衍射光栅将光束分散成由透镜准直的不同的光谱频率或波长分量。 镜子放置一个远离镜头的焦距，并且光栅槽密度，光栅输入角度，光栅输出角度和/或镜面倾斜度的变化产生光学组和相位延迟的变化。 该装置允许通过扫描反射镜的角度来扫描光学组和相位延迟。 在其他实施例中，该装置允许光学延迟扫描而不使用移动部件。

公开(公告)号：US5744801A

公开(公告)日：1998-04-28

申请号：US552612

申请日：1995-11-03

Applicant: Neil Diedrickson

Inventor： Neil Diedrickson

IPC: G01J1/00 ,  G01J5/10 ,  G01J5/34

CPC classification number: G01J5/34 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01J5/10

Abstract: The earth horizon sensor apparatus uses first and second linear sensor arrays of sensor elements, the first and second linear sensor arrays being staggered with respect to each other. The sensor elements are preferably pyroelectric elements for detecting the presence or absence of infrared radiation from the Earth and Space. A microprocessor is used to determine which of the sensor elements subtends the diffuse horizon gradient and the constant zero radiance of Space. The attitude of the spacecraft is thereby calculated.

Abstract translation: 地平线传感器装置使用传感器元件的第一和第二线性传感器阵列，第一和第二线性传感器阵列相对于彼此交错。 传感器元件优选是用于检测来自地球和空间的红外辐射的存在或不存在的热电元件。 微处理器用于确定哪些传感器元件对着漫射水平梯度和空间的恒定零辐射。 从而计算出航天器的姿态。

公开(公告)号：US5321501A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-14

申请号：US875670

申请日：1992-04-29

Applicant: Eric A. Swanson ,  David Huang ,  James G. Fujimoto ,  Carmen A. Puliafito ,  Charles P. Lin ,  Joel S. Schuman

Inventor： Eric A. Swanson ,  David Huang ,  James G. Fujimoto ,  Carmen A. Puliafito ,  Charles P. Lin ,  Joel S. Schuman

IPC: A61B1/00 ,  A61B3/10 ,  A61B3/12 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/103 ,  A61B10/00 ,  G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/06 ,  G01B11/24 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G02B27/44 ,  G11B7/00 ,  H01S5/14

CPC classification number: G02B26/0875 ,  A61B1/00096 ,  A61B1/00172 ,  A61B1/00183 ,  A61B3/102 ,  A61B5/0064 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0068 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/6852 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/2441 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/0201 ,  G01B9/02019 ,  G01B9/02027 ,  G01B9/02063 ,  G01B9/02087 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G02B26/103 ,  G02B5/1828 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B5/441 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/65 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G11B2007/0013 ,  H01S5/141

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing optical imaging on a sample wherein longitudinal scanning or positioning in the sample is provided by either varying relative optical path lengths for an optical path leading to the sample and to a reference reflector, or by varying an optical characteristic of the output from an optical source applied to the apparatus. Transverse scanning in one or two dimensions is provided on the sample by providing controlled relative movement between the sample and a probe module in such direction and/or by steering optical radiation in the probe module to a selected transverse position. The probe module may be an external module or may be an endoscope or angioscope utilized for scanning internal channels. Multiple optical paths may be provided for parallel scanning and focus may be enhanced by varying the focal point in the sample in synchronism with longitudinal scanning of the sample.

Abstract translation: 或者通过对通过样品和参考反射体的光路改变相对光程长度，或者通过改变样品的光学特性来改变样品中的纵向扫描或定位来提供样品的光学成像的方法和装置 从施加到该装置的光源输出。 通过在样品和探针模块之间以这种方向提供受控的相对运动和/或通过将探针模块中的光学辐射转向到选定的横向位置，在样品上提供一维或二维的横向扫描。 探针模块可以是外部模块，也可以是用于扫描内部通道的内窥镜或血管造影仪。 可以提供用于并行扫描的多个光路，并且可以通过与样品的纵向扫描同步地改变样品中的焦点来增强焦点。

公开(公告)号：US4704522A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-03

申请号：US865124

申请日：1986-05-20

Applicant: Nobuyuki Hirai ,  Mitsuo Watanabe

Inventor： Nobuyuki Hirai ,  Mitsuo Watanabe

IPC: G01N21/17 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/58 ,  G01N21/64 ,  H01J31/50

CPC classification number: G01N21/6456 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01N21/6408 ,  G01J2001/4238

Abstract: A two dimensional weak emitted light measuring device for determining and indicating the intensity and location of single photon light emitted from a specimen excited by radiation. The device includes an incident position detecting tube and a calculating unit for generating coordinates of the incident radiation and a data processing unit for producing specimen identification data in response to the coordinates and timing signals.

Abstract translation: 一种二维弱发射光测量装置，用于确定和指示从辐射激发的样品发射的单光子光的强度和位置。 该装置包括入射位置检测管和用于产生入射辐射的坐标的计算单元和用于响应于坐标和定时信号产生样本识别数据的数据处理单元。

公开(公告)号：US4293769A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-06

申请号：US94959

申请日：1979-11-16

Applicant: Daniel Kleppner

Inventor： Daniel Kleppner

IPC: G01J1/00 ,  H01J49/16

CPC classification number: H01J49/168 ,  G01J1/00 ,  H01J49/161

Abstract: An atomic beam is excited by laser radiation to a state with large principal quantum number. The beam is irradiated with infrared or millimeter wave radiation which is to be detected. The atoms absorb the radiation by making transitions to higher-lying states. The transitions are sensed by applying an electric field which ionizes atoms in the final state, but not the initial state. The ions ae collected and detected by conventional pulse-counting or direct current methods.

Abstract translation: 原子束被激光辐射激发到具有较大主量子数的状态。 用要检测的红外线或毫米波辐射照射光束。 原子通过向更高的状态转变来吸收辐射。 通过施加在最终状态下电离原子但不是初始状态的电场来感测转变。 通过常规脉冲计数或直流方法收集和检测离子。

公开(公告)号：US4149259A

公开(公告)日：1979-04-10

申请号：US905378

申请日：1978-05-12

Applicant: Gunter Kowalski

Inventor： Gunter Kowalski

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01N21/17 ,  G06T11/00 ,  G11C19/00 ,  H03H15/00 ,  H03H17/06 ,  G06F15/34 ,  G01T1/161 ,  H03K7/00

CPC classification number: G06T11/005 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G11C19/00 ,  H03H15/00 ,  H03H17/06 ,  Y10S378/901

Abstract: A device for reconstruction of the absorption values in a layer of a body from measured values taken along strips in the body is disclosed. The absorption values are obtained from the measured values by an analog or a digital device, using a transversal filter in which the measured values are assigned weighting factors in accordance with predetermined criterion.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于根据沿着身体中的条带测量的值重建身体层中的吸收值的装置。 通过模拟或数字装置使用横向滤波器从测量值获得吸收值，其中测量值根据预定标准被分配加权因子。

公开(公告)号：US3953127A

公开(公告)日：1976-04-27

申请号：US498278

申请日：1974-08-16

Applicant: Norman C. Ahlquist ,  Alan P. Waggoner ,  Robert J. Charlson

Inventor： Norman C. Ahlquist ,  Alan P. Waggoner ,  Robert J. Charlson

IPC: G01J1/00 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G06J1/00 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G06J1/00 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01N21/53

Abstract: An improved integrating nephelometer having superior sensitivity and long-term stability to previous designs includes a container defining a measurement chamber. A continuously energized light source, such as a tungsten filament incandescent bulb, illuminates the measurement chamber through an opal glass diffuser. The intensity of the light source is regulated in one embodiment by a simple optical-electric feedback system, and in another embodiment by a voltage regulated supply. A cone of observation of the chamber is defined by a plurality of spaced, apertured plates located in the chamber, at right angles to the light source. A measuring photomultiplier tube views the cone of observation and provides an output signal including components resulting from detected photoelectrons, noise, and thermally emitted "dark current" electrons. A photon-detecting apparatus removes the noise component and provides an output pulse for each photoelectron and "dark current" electron. The output pulses are counted, and converted into an analog signal representing a desired extinction coefficient b.sub.scat by any one of a number of apparatus, including an averaging circuit, or a second counter and a D-to-A converter. Dark current compensation, if necessary, is effected by either subtracting a fixed value, or a value dependent on some environmental variable, from the measured value of b.sub.scat, or by utilizing a reversible counter apparatus and light source apparatus.Variations of this nephelometer are also described, including an instrument for automatically compensating for the component of b.sub.scat due to Rayleigh scatter by gases, an instrument which is sensitive to a plurality of wavelengths, and a self-calibrating instrument which is adapted for the measurement of total light scatter and back scatter at a plurality of wavelengths.

Abstract translation: 对先前设计具有优异灵敏度和长期稳定性的改进的积分浊度计包括限定测量室的容器。 持续通电的光源，例如钨丝白炽灯泡，通过蛋白石玻璃扩散器照亮测量室。 在一个实施例中，通过简单的光电反馈系统调节光源的强度，在另一个实施例中通过电压调节的电源来调节光源的强度。 腔室的观察锥体由位于腔室中的与光源成直角的多个间隔开的多孔板限定。 测量光电倍增管观察观察锥，并提供包括由检测到的光电子，噪声和热发射的“暗电流”电子产生的分量的输出信号。 光子检测装置去除噪声成分并为每个光电子和“暗电流”电子提供输出脉冲。 输出脉冲被计数，并且通过包括平均电路或第二计数器和D-A转换器的多个装置中的任一个被转换成表示期望的消光系数bscat的模拟信号。 如果需要，通过从bscat的测量值中减去固定值或取决于一些环境变量的值，或者通过使用可逆计数器装置和光源装置来实现暗电流补偿。

公开(公告)号：US3936839A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-03

申请号：US567897

申请日：1975-04-14

Applicant: Wahner E. Brooks

Inventor： Wahner E. Brooks

IPC: G01D7/04 ,  G01D9/42 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01D9/00 ,  H01J39/12

CPC classification number: G01J1/00 ,  G01D7/04 ,  G01D9/42

Abstract: The light output of pyrotechnic luminants under dynamic conditions can be nitored to obtain data representative of ground surface illumination as a function of time and position of the illumination source. An array of photocells is disposed at substantially ground level throughout the range testing area, these photocells being sequentially scanned to provide a serial electrical data output during the firing of a pyrotechnic luminant-containing projectile over the range testing area. The serial data is transmitted to a remote control location whereat the data is received, sequentially demodulated, and converted into an optical display synchronously with the scanning in a pattern which simulates the illumination impinging on the photocell array. The position of the projectile over the range testing area is simultaneously tracked and a tracking information display is also provided. The illumination display pattern is recorded in correlation with the tracking information display so as to provide a frame-by-frame record of the ground surface illumination of the luminant as a function of time and the position of the illumination source.

Abstract translation: 在动态条件下可以监视烟火光源的光输出，以获得表示照明源的时间和位置的函数的地面照明数据。 光电元件阵列在整个范围测试区域基本上是地平面设置的，这些光电池被顺序地扫描，以便在射程测试区域内的含烟火发射体射弹的射击期间提供串联电数据输出。 串行数据被发送到远程控制位置，数据被接收，顺序地解调，并以模拟照射在光电晶体阵列上的照明的图案与扫描同步地转换成光学显示器。 同时跟踪射弹在射程测试区域的位置，并提供跟踪信息显示。 与跟踪信息显示相关地记录照明显示图案，以便根据时间和照明源的位置提供发光体的地面照明的逐帧记录。