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    Suspensions for use as fuel for electrochemical fuel cells
    31.
    发明授权
    Suspensions for use as fuel for electrochemical fuel cells 失效
    用作电化学燃料电池的燃料的悬浮液

    公开(公告)号：US06773470B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-08-10

    申请号：US10230204

    申请日：2002-08-29

    Applicant: Gennadi Finkelshtain ,  Yuri Katzman ,  Nikolai Fishelson ,  Zina Lurie

    Inventor： Gennadi Finkelshtain ,  Yuri Katzman ,  Nikolai Fishelson ,  Zina Lurie

    IPC: C10L112

    CPC classification number: C10L1/02 ,  C01B3/065 ,  C10L1/1822 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1826 ,  H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/04216 ,  H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/065 ,  H01M8/083 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  H01M8/225 ,  Y02E60/362 ,  Y02P70/56

    Abstract: A fuel composition for fuel cells includes a polar solvent such as water, a first portion of a first fuel dissolved in the solvent at a saturated concentration, and a second portion of the first fuel suspended in the solvent to serve as a reservoir of fuel as the dissolved portion is consumed. Preferably, the first fuel is a hydride such as NaBH4. Optionally, the fuel composition also includes a second fuel such as an alcohol that also controls the solubility of the first fuel in the solvent, inhibits decomposition of the first fuel and stabilizes the suspension. Preferably, the fuel composition also includes an additive such as an alkali for stabilizing the first fuel.

    Abstract translation: 用于燃料电池的燃料组合物包括极性溶剂如水，以饱和浓度溶解在溶剂中的第一燃料的第一部分和悬浮在溶剂中的第一燃料的第二部分以用作燃料储存器 溶解的部分被消耗。 优选地，第一燃料是氢化物如NaBH 4。 任选地，燃料组合物还包括还控制第一燃料在溶剂中的溶解度的第二燃料例如醇，抑制第一燃料的分解并稳定悬浮液。 优选地，燃料组合物还包括用于稳定第一燃料的添加剂，例如碱。

    Method of hydrocarbon stabilization
    32.
    发明申请
    Method of hydrocarbon stabilization 审中-公开
    烃稳定方法

    公开(公告)号：US20040082823A1

    公开(公告)日：2004-04-29

    申请号：US10279011

    申请日：2002-10-24

    Applicant: NEUROK LLC

    Inventor： Olga Tarasovna Kasaikina

    IPC: C07C007/20 ,  C10L001/00

    CPC classification number: C07C7/20 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/1826 ,  C10L1/1832 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L1/189 ,  C10L1/2235 ,  C10L1/2437 ,  C10L1/2641 ,  C10M169/04 ,  C10M2203/0206 ,  C10M2203/06 ,  C10M2203/065 ,  C10M2203/1025 ,  C10M2207/023 ,  C10M2207/026 ,  C10M2207/08 ,  C10M2207/144 ,  C10M2207/401 ,  C10M2215/062 ,  C10M2219/042 ,  C10M2223/042 ,  C10N2210/01 ,  C10N2230/10 ,  C10N2240/10

    Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of providing enhanced molecular stability to hydrocarbons, such as the various oils, lubricants, fuel and rubbers typically used in internal combustion engines. The invention generally comprises inhibiting the liquid phase oxidation of hydrocarbons by atmospheric oxygen at elevated temperatures through the micro-addition of non-toxic of alkyl organic additives. The alkyl organic additives are anionic surface active agents (ASAAs) of the general formula RnullOSO3M or RnullOP3Z2, where nullMnull is Na or K, where nullZnull is Na, K or an alkyl group containing between ten and fourteen carbons and where nullRnull is an alkyl group consisting of between six and sixteen carbons. The additives are generally used in quantities from 0.01 to 10 mass percent, at temperatures between 70null-170null C. and in the presence of an aromatic solvent.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种为烃类提供增强的分子稳定性的方法，例如通常用于内燃机中的各种油，润滑剂，燃料和橡胶。 本发明通常包括通过微添加无毒的烷基有机添加剂来抑制常压氧气在高温下对烃的液相氧化。 烷基有机添加剂是通式为R-OSO3M或R-OP3Z2的阴离子表面活性剂（ASAA），其中“M”是Na或K，其中“Z”是Na，K或含十至十四个 碳，其中“R”是由六至十六个碳组成的烷基。 添加剂的使用量通常为0.01〜10质量％，在70〜170℃的温度和芳族溶剂的存在下。

    Constant heating value aqueous fuel mixture and method for formulating the same
    33.
    发明授权
    Constant heating value aqueous fuel mixture and method for formulating the same 失效
    恒定热值含水燃料混合物及其配制方法

    公开(公告)号：US06656236B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

    申请号：US09208660

    申请日：1998-12-10

    Applicant: Gerald N. Coleman ,  James E. Sibley

    Inventor： Gerald N. Coleman ,  James E. Sibley

    IPC: C10L132

    CPC classification number: C10L10/02 ,  C10L1/1811 ,  C10L1/1826 ,  C10L1/1883 ,  C10L1/198 ,  C10L1/1985 ,  C10L1/2222 ,  C10L1/2225 ,  C10L1/224 ,  C10L1/231 ,  C10L1/328 ,  C10L10/12 ,  C10L10/14

    Abstract: A method of formulating a fuel emulsion composition for use in a specified compression ignition engine in which the fuel composition includes a hydrocarbon petroleum distillate, purified water; alcohol; and an additive composition comprising various ingredients. The types and amounts of the fuel and alcohol are selected so that the sum of its net heating value (lower heating value * percent of total composition) and the net heating value of the additive composition yields a net heating value of the aqueous fuel composition that is within the operating parameters for fuel heating values for the engine.

    Abstract translation: 一种配制用于特定压缩点火发动机的燃料乳液组合物的方法，其中所述燃料组合物包括烃石油馏出物，净化水; 醇; 和包含各种成分的添加剂组合物。 选择燃料和醇的类型和量，使得其净热值（较低热值*总组成的百分比）和添加剂组合物的净热值之和产生含水燃料组合物的净热值， 在发动机的燃料加热值的操作参数内。

    Emulsion fuel oil additive
    34.
    发明授权
    Emulsion fuel oil additive 有权
    乳化燃油添加剂

    公开(公告)号：US06638323B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-10-28

    申请号：US09981180

    申请日：2001-10-16

    Applicant: Kune-muh Tsai ,  Sun Li

    Inventor： Kune-muh Tsai ,  Sun Li

    IPC: C10L132

    CPC classification number: C10L1/328 ,  B01F17/0028 ,  B01F17/0092 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/1233 ,  C10L1/1616 ,  C10L1/1811 ,  C10L1/1826 ,  C10L1/1832 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L1/19 ,  C10L1/1905 ,  C10L1/1985 ,  C10L1/2235 ,  C10L10/02

    Abstract: An emulsion fuel additive to be mixed with a fuel oil and water for forming an emulsion fuel oil is disclosed. The emulsion fuel oil additive includes an emulsion reagent for forming a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion fuel oil with the fuel oil and the water, a combustion-assisting reagent for improving ignition and combustion of the emulsion fuel oil, a stabilization reagent for forming an interface membrane between the fuel oil and the water by a chemical reaction at a specific temperature, a promotion reagent for promoting emulsification of the fuel oil and the water and promoting the interface membrane formation by the stabilization reagent, and an antioxidant reagent for preventing deterioration of the emulsion fuel oil during storage.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种与用于形成乳液燃料油的燃料油和水混合的乳化燃料添加剂。 乳化燃料油添加剂包括用于与燃料油和水形成油包水（W / O）乳液燃料油的乳液试剂，用于改善乳化燃料油的点燃和燃烧的助燃剂， 用于通过特定温度下的化学反应在燃料油和水之间形成界面膜的稳定试剂，用于促进燃料油和水的乳化的促进剂和促进由稳定剂的界面膜形成的促进剂和抗氧化剂 用于防止在储存期间乳化燃料油变质的试剂。

    Fuel additive for reduction of pollutant emissions
    35.
    发明授权
    Fuel additive for reduction of pollutant emissions 失效
    用于减少污染物排放的燃料添加剂

    公开(公告)号：US06623535B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-09-23

    申请号：US09634897

    申请日：2000-08-09

    Applicant: Horst Kief

    Inventor： Horst Kief

    IPC: C10L118

    CPC classification number: C10L10/02 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/125 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1826 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L1/1985 ,  C10L1/2658

    Abstract: Glyoxal in an aqueous solution is used in a fuel additive in order to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gases of gasoline and diesel engines. It is sufficient to add glyoxal in aqueous solution to gasoline in the dilution in the ratio of 1:10 000 and higher in order to obtain a reduction of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in vehicles with catalytic converters at idle and at increased idle of almost 100%. Esterified aliphats and polyethyleneglycol are added as emulsifiers and solubilizers. Additionally, glyoxal can be used in form of its acetals and hemiacetals with the resultant product being added to the fuel in combustion engines in order to reduce the pollutant emission and carbon particles/deposits.

    Abstract translation: 乙二醛在水溶液中用于燃料添加剂，以减少汽油和柴油发动机废气中的污染物。 在1:10 000和更高比例的稀释液中，将水溶液中的乙二醛加入到汽油中，以便在怠速和空闲时处于催化转化器的车辆中未燃烧的碳氢化合物和一氧化碳减少几乎100 ％。 加入酯化的脂肪和聚乙二醇作为乳化剂和增溶剂。 此外，乙二醛可以以其缩醛和半缩醛的形式使用，所得产物加入到内燃机中的燃料中，以减少污染物排放和碳颗粒/沉积物。

    FUEL REFORMULATOR
    36.
    发明申请
    FUEL REFORMULATOR 失效
    燃油改造器

    公开(公告)号：US20020134005A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-09-26

    申请号：US09815366

    申请日：2001-03-22

    Inventor： Vladimir Y. Podlipskiy

    IPC: C10L001/10

    CPC classification number: C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/165 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1826 ,  C10L1/1855 ,  C10L1/19 ,  C10L1/191 ,  C10L1/197 ,  C10L1/1985 ,  C10L10/02 ,  C10L10/08

    Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition for use in a combustion engine either as a fuel additive or as an additive for a crankcase lubricant. The composition may include a polyunsaturated aliphatic or alicyclic compound having at least three, but no more than six, double bonds to improve the combustion process by acting as pseudo-catalyst in the combustion reaction. The composition may further include a derivative of dihydrobenzo-gamma-pyrane to improve the combustion process by acting as pseudo-catalyst in the combustion reaction. The composition may further include surfactants such as polyethylene glycol and/or one or more polyoxyalkene derivatives of either polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or sorbitol. A media of fatty acid esters is provided to dilute the combustion promoters, surfactants and other ingredients allowing accurate concentrations of these ingredients to be introduced into the fuel chamber.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于燃烧发动机中作为燃料添加剂或用作曲轴箱润滑剂的添加剂的组合物。 组合物可以包括具有至少三个但不超过六个双键的多不饱和脂肪族或脂环族化合物，以通过在燃烧反应中作为假催化剂来改善燃烧过程。 组合物还可以包括二氢苯并吡喃的衍生物，以通过在燃烧反应中作为假催化剂来改善燃烧过程。 组合物还可以包括表面活性剂如聚乙二醇和/或聚丙二醇，聚乙二醇或山梨糖醇的一种或多种聚氧化烯衍生物。 提供脂肪酸酯的介质以稀释助燃剂，表面活性剂和其它成分，允许这些成分的准确浓度引入燃料室。

    Methods and compositions for inhibitoring polymerization of vinyl monomers
    37.
    发明授权
    Methods and compositions for inhibitoring polymerization of vinyl monomers 失效
    抑制乙烯基单体聚合的方法和组合物

    公开(公告)号：US5221498A

    公开(公告)日：1993-06-22

    申请号：US733480

    申请日：1991-07-22

    Applicant: Dwight K. Reid ,  Rosalie B. Hart

    Inventor： Dwight K. Reid ,  Rosalie B. Hart

    IPC: C10L1/182

    CPC classification number: C10L1/1826

    Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting the polymerization of a vinyl monomer during elevated processing thereof or during storage or shipment of the monomer containing product. The compositions comprise a combination of a dihydroxybenzene compound and an organic amine compound.

    Abstract translation: 提供的方法和组合物用于在升高的处理期间或在含单体产品的储存或运输期间抑制乙烯基单体的聚合。 组合物包含二羟基苯化合物和有机胺化合物的组合。

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