公开(公告)号：US5260574A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-09

申请号：US904627

申请日：1992-06-26

Applicant: Roger J. Becker

Inventor： Roger J. Becker

IPC: G01J1/24 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/95

CPC classification number: G01J1/24 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01J2001/245 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N2021/9511 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N2201/0612

Abstract: A high resolution infrared densitometer system is described which comprises an intense thermal light source, an optical system for projecting first and second images of the light source along respective parallel first sample and second reference optical axes, adjustable optical attenuators for selectively balancing the light intensity of the images projected along the sample and reference axes at selected optical density, a spectrometer for filtering background radiation from the projected images except for a selected wavelength, and a detector for measuring intensities of the filtered projected images. A method for making optical density measurements is described.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种高分辨率红外光密度计系统，其包括强烈的热光源，用于沿相应的平行的第一样本和第二参考光轴投影光源的第一和第二图像的光学系统，用于选择性地平衡光强度的可调光衰减器 以选定的光密度沿样品和参考轴投影的图像，用于滤除除选定波长以外的投影图像的背景辐射的光谱仪，以及用于测量经滤波的投影图像的强度的检测器。 描述了用于制造光密度测量的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5255071A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-19

申请号：US406726

申请日：1989-09-13

Applicant: Fred H. Pollak ,  Hong-En Shen

Inventor： Fred H. Pollak ,  Hong-En Shen

IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01J1/24 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/55 ,  H01L21/66 ,  G01N21/25

CPC classification number: G01N21/1717 ,  G01J1/24 ,  G01J2003/063 ,  G01J2003/066 ,  G01N2021/1725 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N2201/0695 ,  G01N2201/126

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the characteristics of materials, particularly of semi-conductors, semi-conductor heterostructures and semi-conductor interfaces by the use of photoreflectance, in which monochromatic light and an acousto-optically modulated light beam reflected from the sample is detected to produce a d.c. signal and an a.c. signal, whereby the d.c. signal is applied to one input of a computer and the a.c. signal is used with another input of the computer which controls the light intensity of the monochromatic light impinging on the sample to maintain the d.c. signal substantially constant. The modulation frequency of the modulated pump beam and/or the wavelength of the monochromatic light can also be varied by the computer. Information about trap times can be obtained by determining the dependence of the in-phase signal on the pump modulating frequency, respectively.

公开(公告)号：US5148233A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-15

申请号：US603884

申请日：1990-10-25

Applicant: Takayuki Imamura ,  Yuji Ohuchi

Inventor： Takayuki Imamura ,  Yuji Ohuchi

IPC: G01N21/59 ,  G01J1/02 ,  G01J1/08 ,  G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/24 ,  G01M11/00 ,  G01M11/02 ,  G01N21/27

CPC classification number: G01J1/08 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01J1/24 ,  G01J2001/1621

Abstract: The invention is designed to calibrate a low-level optical power by a substitution method using a pulse generating section in which a light-shielding disk having a sectorial opening, as a component capable of accurate optical attenuation, is rotated in a light beam to generate an intermittent pulse signal having a duty ratio corresponding to the size of the opening, and the pulse signal is averaged to obtain an optical attenuation equal to the duty ratio. More specifically, while an object to be calibrated is set in a given standard state, a first pulse train having a duty ratio d1=Tw.sub.1 /Tf.sub.1 is input to the object, and an average optical power value A of an output from the object is measured and stored. Subsequently, a second pulse train having a duty ratio d2=Tw.sub.2 /Tf.sub.2 is input to the object, and the object is adjusted such that an average optical power value of an output from the object becomes the value A. Proper calibration can be performed by assigning the optical attenuation of the adjusted object to d1/d2.

公开(公告)号：US5081998A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-21

申请号：US522177

申请日：1990-05-11

Applicant: Mark Yelderman ,  Daniel S. Goldberger ,  James R. Braig

Inventor： Mark Yelderman ,  Daniel S. Goldberger ,  James R. Braig

IPC: A61B5/083 ,  G01J1/24 ,  G01J5/12 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35

CPC classification number: A61B5/083 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01J1/24 ,  G01J5/12 ,  G01N2021/3166 ,  G01N2201/126

Abstract: Improved infrared detectors for use in device such as capnographs are provided. A preferred embodiment of an infrared detector of the invention is comprised of paired thermopiles, connect in opposed relation to each other, which are preceded by an analytical or reference filter for passing a desired wavelength and a neutral density filter in the optical path of one of the thermopiles in the pair. The difference between the outputs can be used to eliminate the effects of background thermal noise, thereby improving performance of the detector. Preferably, a reference channel and an analytical channel are provided so that the respective differences between the detectors in each pair can be used to further cancel the effects of background thermal noise.

Abstract translation: 提供了改进的红外探测器，用于诸如盖帽仪等设备。 本发明的红外检测器的一个优选实施例由成对的热电堆组成，它们彼此相对地连接，其前面是用于使所需波长传递的分析或参考滤波器，以及在 这对热电堆。 输出之间的差异可以用于消除背景热噪声的影响，从而提高检测器的性能。 优选地，提供参考通道和分析通道，使得可以使用每对中的检测器之间的相应差异来进一步抵消背景热噪声的影响。

公开(公告)号：US4310763A

公开(公告)日：1982-01-12

申请号：US84662

申请日：1979-10-15

Applicant: John Shields

Inventor： John Shields

IPC: G01N21/05 ,  G01J1/24 ,  G01N1/10 ,  G01N1/36 ,  G01N21/01 ,  G01N21/11 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N33/04 ,  G01N21/26

CPC classification number: G01N21/251 ,  G01N33/04 ,  G01J1/24 ,  G01N2201/0446 ,  G01N2201/127 ,  Y10S250/91

Abstract: Electro-optical apparatus for measurement of fat, protein, lactose and water or solids in milk wherein a milk sample is pumped by a homogenizer into an optical measurement cell. The specimen in the cell is then irradiated with reference and measurement beams at differing wavelengths for fat, protein, lactose and water respectively, and signals are stored indicative of uncorrected concentrations. A scaling and correction circuit includes cross-correction circuitry for compensating the effects on each reading caused by the other constituents. The signals so corrected are then provided in percentage by weight or weight over volume on suitable digital displays.

Abstract translation: 用于测量乳中脂肪，蛋白质，乳糖和水或固体的电光装置，其中将牛奶样品通过均化器泵送到光学测量单元中。 然后分别用脂肪，蛋白质，乳糖和水分别以不同波长的参考和测量光束照射细胞中的样品，并且存储指示未校正浓度的信号。 缩放和校正电路包括用于补偿由其他成分引起的对每次读取的影响的交叉校正电路。 然后如此校正的信号以合适的数字显示器上的体积重量或重量的百分比提供。

公开(公告)号：US4281897A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-04

申请号：US2398

申请日：1979-01-10

Applicant: Taylor C. Fletcher

Inventor： Taylor C. Fletcher

IPC: G01J1/24 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G05D25/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/59 ,  G01J1/24

Abstract: A photometric system is provided for use as a spectrophotometer system; or for use as a calibration system for accurately calibrating optical attenuators, such as neutral glass filters, interference-type filters, comb filters, screen filters, and the like. The photometric system of the invention includes a time-division optical attenuator which causes the precise fraction of a light beam to be passed through the system. The time-division optical attenuator is adjustable, so that when an optical attenuator to be calibrated, or a sample to be tested, is introduced into the optical path of the system, the light incident thereon can be changed precisely by any ratio of integers which returns the light output of the system to nearly its original reference level. Since the optical time-division attenuator can make changes in light intensity which are theoretically without error, the accuracy of the system depends only upon the accuracy by which the small difference between the output light from the system under test conditions and the output light from the system under reference conditions can be measured.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用作分光光度计系统的光度测量系统; 或用作用于精确校准光衰减器的校准系统，例如中性玻璃滤光器，干涉型滤光器，梳状滤光器，滤网等。 本发明的测光系统包括使光束的精确分数通过系统的时分光衰减器。 时分光衰减器是可调节的，使得当要校准的光衰减器或要测试的样品被引入到系统的光路中时，入射到其上的光可以通过任何整数比来精确地改变， 将系统的光输出恢复到几乎原始的参考电平。 由于光时分衰减器可以在理论上没有误差地改变光强度，因此系统的精度仅取决于在测试条件下来自系统的输出光与来自测试条件的输出光之间的小差异的精度 系统在参考条件下可以测量。

公开(公告)号：US4091279A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-23

申请号：US669543

申请日：1976-03-23

Applicant: Irving Kaufman

Inventor： Irving Kaufman

IPC: G01J1/24 ,  H01L27/144 ,  H01L31/0216 ,  G02F1/01 ,  H01J39/12

CPC classification number: G01J1/24 ,  H01L27/1446 ,  H01L31/02162

Abstract: Equalization and the individual control of the sensitivity of each element in a multi-element sensor array is achieved by means of a light transmitting element positioned to intercept light falling on the light receiving surface of each sensor element. Structurally the light transmitting device can be a single sheet of transparent ferroelectric ceramic having a long term polarization retention capability (or memory). A discrete portion of the sheet adjacent each sensor element is polarized in a manner that controls the level of light transmitted through the sheet at that locus and so controls the output level of the sensor adjacent to it. Equalization of sensor elements is accomplished by setting the polarization of each light transmitting element as a function of the difference between its associated sensor output voltage level and a standard voltage level in response to a constant intensity light source.

Abstract translation: 借助于透光元件来实现多元素传感器阵列中每个元件的灵敏度的均衡和单独控制，该透光元件被定位成截取落在每个传感器元件的光接收表面上的光。 在结构上，透光装置可以是具有长期极化保持能力（或存储器）的单片透明铁电陶瓷。 邻近每个传感器元件的片材的离散部分以控制在该轨迹处透过片材的光的水平进行极化，因此控制与其相邻的传感器的输出电平。 传感器元件的均衡是通过将每个光发射元件的极化作为响应于恒定强度光源的相关联的传感器输出电压电平和标准电压电平之差的函数来实现的。

公开(公告)号：US3893753A

公开(公告)日：1975-07-08

申请号：US44524674

申请日：1974-02-25

Applicant: BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS INC

Inventor： GLENN THOMAS J

IPC: G01J1/24 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G02F1/30

CPC classification number: G01J1/24 ,  G02B26/02

Abstract: An optical attenuator for adjusting the amount of radiant energy passing through a variable aperture formed by a pair of apertures in opposing portions of a continuous loop metal strip encircling first and second parallel shafts with the free ends of the strip being secured to one shaft to form the loop. One of the parallel shafts is provided with cam surfaces for adjusting the spacing between the parallel shafts to thereby increase the tension on the continuous loop. Two pairs of rollers abut the outer surfaces of the metal strip to maintain the apertures in the strip in close sliding relationship. One of the shafts is provided with drive means to provide bidirectional angular rotation to thereby vary the relative positions of the pair of apertures with respect to each other to control the energy of the light beam passing therethrough.

Abstract translation: 一种光衰减器，用于调节穿过可变孔径的辐射能量，该可变孔径由环绕第一和第二平行轴的连续环金属带的相对部分形成的可变孔径，带的自由端固定到一个轴上以形成 循环。 平行轴中的一个设置有用于调节平行轴之间的间隔的凸轮表面，从而增加连续环上的张力。 两对辊子抵靠金属带的外表面，以保持条带中的孔隙处于紧密的滑动关系。 其中一个轴设置有提供双向角旋转的驱动装置，从而改变一对孔相对于彼此的相对位置，以控制通过其中的光束的能量。

公开(公告)号：US3685885A

公开(公告)日：1972-08-22

申请号：US3685885D

申请日：1970-10-02

Applicant: BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS LTD

Inventor： SCOTT WILLIAM ANTHONY

IPC: G01J1/24 ,  G01J3/02

CPC classification number: G01J1/24

Abstract: There is disclosed a beam-attenuation comb assembly for doublebeam, optical null spectrophotometers comprising a major and minor comb adapted for mutual registration. The major comb has a single wedge shaped aperture and the minor comb a pair of similarly shaped apertures. In operation the assembly is driven in the manner well known in the art. Upon actuation of a solenoid, the major and minor comb assembly is disengaged and only the minor comb is driven to achieve beam balancing. Since the change in attenuation per unit displacement of the minor comb is different than that for the major and minor comb assembly, a scale expansion is achieved.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于双光束光学零分光光度计的束衰减梳组件，其包括适于相互配准的主梳和次梳。 主梳具有单个楔形孔，而次梳具有一对类似形状的孔。 在操作中，以本领域公知的方式驱动组件。 在螺线管致动时，主梳子组件和次梳子组件脱开，并且只有次梳子被驱动以实现光束平衡。 由于小梳子每单位位移的衰减变化不同于主梳组件和次梳组件的衰减量的变化，因此实现了规模扩展。

公开(公告)号：US3591259A

公开(公告)日：1971-07-06

申请号：US3591259D

申请日：1968-10-24

Applicant: HARTMANN & BRAUN AG

Inventor： SCHAEFER WERNER ,  WENZEL HUBERT ,  MOLDENBAUER KURT

IPC: G01J1/24 ,  G02F1/30

CPC classification number: G01J1/24

Abstract: An attenuator for adjustment of photometers wherein interceptors are caused to periodically traverse a bundle of rays and beams at relatively high speed. Means are provided for constraining the interceptor means to move and be held in nonintercepting position when the traverse movement is discontinued.