Abstract:
An optical measurement instrument includes: an excitation light source (120) arranged to produce an excitation beam for at least one of samples to be measured and a detector (132) arranged to detect an emission beam emitted by one of the samples to be measured and to produce a detection signal responsive to the detected emission beam. The optical measurement instrument further includes an arrangement for controlling temperature of the samples to be measured. The arrangement includes: one or more temperature sensors (176) for producing one or more temperature signals responsive to temperature of a measurement chamber (170) of the optical measurement instrument, one or more heating resistors (171-175) arranged to warm the measurement chamber, and a controller (177) arranged to control electrical power supplied to the heating resistors on the basis of the one or more temperature signals.
Abstract:
A device for measuring oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production by a respiring subject based on the use of absorption spectroscopy. An absorption spectrometer using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy at 763 nm to measure oxygen concentration and direct absorption or wavelength modulation spectroscopy at 2.0035 μm for carbon dioxide concentration is incorporated into a breathing tube in proximity to the respiring subject. This provides measurements of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration with a good temporal resolution which can be combined with measurements of flow rate as a function of time to obtain oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production on a breath-by-breath basis. The device can also measure the concentration of water vapour and of anaesthetic gases in exhaled breath.
Abstract:
Provided is a flow-through CO2 system for simultaneously measuring surface seawater pH, carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO2), and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). All measurements are based on spectrophotometric determinations of solution pH at multiple wavelengths using sulfonephthalein indicators.
Abstract:
Using an LED element as a light source, a photometric unit including the light source, a light receiving element and other components therebetween is reduced in size. A holder 30 detachable from the device as a unit holds a light emission unit 15 formed of an LED and a light receiving element 21, and the holder is placed inside a thermostatic chamber 18 which holds a constant temperature fluid 17. Thus, the photometric unit is reduced in size.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for controlling flat glass forming by flowing a molten glass over a liquid tin layer contained in a forming vat wherein a forming characteristic quantity is measured above the glass surface during forming by means of beams generated by at least one absorption spectroscopy-based analyser, wherein the light beams generated by said analyser form a net above the glass surface. A device for carrying out the inventive method comprising an arm for supporting a vessel which comprises a retroreflecting means for receiving a light beam and transmitting it in an opposite direction parallel to an incident optical path is also disclosed.
Abstract:
Optical gas analyzers are disclosed for analyzing gas samples, including a source of radiation, a gas sample cell through which the radiation passes, a mirror for dividing that radiation into a number of secondary radiation paths for each of the gases in the gas sample which is to be analyzed, with the mirror being arranged so that after a single reflection from the mirror each of the secondary radiation paths is directed to an optical filter which passes a preselected wavelength characteristic of the particular gas in question, and then to a detector for measuring that wavelength characteristic. These optical gas analyzers are preferably used in connection with gas samples which include anesthetic gases, along with CO.sub.2 and N.sub.2 O.
Abstract:
In an optical instrument, a fiber optic probe is provided to irradiate a sample with visible NIR and ultraviolet light. Glass fibers carry the visible and NIR light to the probe from a visible and NIR light source and quartz fibers carry ultraviolet light to the probe from an ultraviolet source. Glass fibers carry visible and NIR light emanating from the sample to a spectrometer having a fixed grating and an array of photodetectors to receive the spectrum dispersed by the grating within the spectrometer housing. Amplifiers are also contained in the spectrometer housing severally connected to the photodetectors to amplify the output signals of the photodetectors. The probe is provided with a standard white sample pivotal into position to receive the light from the visible light source. A computer is programmed to provide automatic calibrating whenever the temperature within the housing changes more than a predetermined small amount. The automatic calibration is carried out by pivoting the white standard into position and computing calibration values from the resulting photodector outputs. Automatic calibration is also provided when the ratio of output signals from selected ones of the photodetectors changes by more than a predetermined small percentage.
Abstract:
An infrared gas analyzer using a pyroelectric infrared sensor, which includes a heating unit for heating the infrared sensor, a heating sensor for detecting its heating temperature and a temperature sensor for detecting the ambient temperature of the infrared sensor, and controls the heating unit so as to retain the ambient temperature of the infrared sensor at a constant so that the output error is small irrespective of the change in ambient temperature.
Abstract:
A method and system are presented for use in measuring one or more characteristics of patterned structures. The method comprises: performing measurements on a patterned structure by illuminating the structure with exciting light to cause Raman scattering of one or more excited regions of the pattern structure, while applying a controlled change of at least temperature condition of the patterned structure, and detecting the Raman scattering, and generating corresponding measured data indicative of a temperature dependence of the detected Raman scattering; and analyzing the measured data and generating data indicative of spatial profile of one or more properties of the patterned structure.
Abstract:
There is provided a method for enhancing the photoresistance of a fluorescent protein when used in fluorescence microscopy of a sample containing several molecules of the fluorescent protein according to a fluorescence microscopy technique. The method includes illuminating at least partially the sample with an exciting light beam and illuminating at least partially the same region of the sample with an enhancing light beam. There is also provided a fluorescence microscopy system suitable to implement the above method.