Abstract:
A device for point-form photoelectric scanning of a transparent object to be measured is disclosed and is provided with a transport arrangement for transporting an object to be measured. An illuminating arrangement exposes the object to measuring light in a line-shaped measuring line extending across the object transverse to the transport direction. A collector arrangement collects measuring light passed through the object in the area of the measuring line. A photoelectric converter arrangement, optically connected with the collector arrangement, converts measuring light passed through the object into corresponding electrical signals. The collector arrangement includes a multiplicity of light conductors, an optical multiplexer with multiple inputs corresponding in number to the multiplicity of the light conductors, and an output. An output end of each of the light conductors is connected with one of the inputs of the optical multiplexer and an input end of each light conductor is positioned along the measuring line to receive passed through measuring light from point form regions of the object to be measured. The optical multiplexer includes a rotatable optical commutator driven by a motor which sequentially and optically connects the inputs of the multiplexer with the output of the multiplexer. The illuminating arrangement includes a light source and a light guide body which has an input surface and an output surface and guides light from the light source to the object to be measured.
Abstract:
A method of collecting optical energy which allows the use of short focal length mirrors of relatively small physical size and in particular the use of the standard collecting mirrors usually employed in such spectrophotometers, for a wide range of sample sizes and collection configurations. A relatively large diameter internal surface, which in many cases can be incorporated into the design of other elements in the sampling system, is used. A physically large cell is interfaced to a radiation collector, such as a mirror. In this case the nut sealing the end window on the cell is internally coated (with gold in the preferred embodiment) to constitute a surface and this acts as a transfer mechanism for the backs-scattered radiation from sample. A solid collecting angle of 60 degrees (in this example) can be so obtained to transfer the energy to the standard radiation collector, such as a collecting mirror, of the spectrophotometer. Radiation, such as laser light, incident upon the sample reflects off the internal optic transfer surface and so falls incident on a collecting mirror, or the like.
Abstract:
A passive rangefinder for determining the range to an object such as an aircraft, rocket or missile which emits electromagnetic radiation makes use of spectral measurements over a broad band of frequencies. The rangefinder includes means 202 for forming a real image of a field of view, spectrophotometer means 201 including an entrance aperture 27 placed to receive at least a part of said real image, dispersion means (15, 28, 29) for separating radiation of different wavelengths and detector means 24 for measuring the spectrum of radiation received from distinct portions of the entrance aperture. The detector output is connected to data processing means 204 arranged to deconvolve the received spectral profile with a stored representation (205) of a range-dependent atmospheric transmission spectral profile to obtain a representation of the spectral emission profile of radiation from the object. From the emission spectral profile a characteristic temperature of emission (206) is derived and hence a Planck emission spectrum for the object. The Planck spectrum is used to determine the range from the calculated emission spectrum and the observed spectrum (205, 208). Thus by deconvolving the measured spectrum with the atmospheric transmission spectrum the range can be determined. The invention can work at any range of e.m. radiation for which suitable components are available. Advantageously the ranging is done on two different temperature portions of the same object so that different Planck profiles are used in the signal processing. The atmospheric transmission spectrum can be measured prior to operation in the prevailing conditions by use of a laser rangefinder.
Abstract:
A device and process for measuring and analyzing spectral radiation within a desired wavelength range. A number of radiation sources are provided, in combination with a sensor for detecting radiation within the desired wavelength range. The radiation sources are selected to have spectral characteristics that are linearly independent from one another, but overlap so that, in combination, the radiation sources generate radiation over the entire desired wavelength range. Alternatively, a single radiation source generating radiation over the entire desired wavelength range is provided in combination with a plurality of sensors that have spectral sensing characteristics that are linearly independent from one another, but overlap so that, in combination, the sensors sense radiation over the entire desired wavelength range. Further provided is a control unit that stores a number of calibration functions with linearly independent spectral characteristics, the control unit further receiving output values from the sensors to determine the spectral characteristics of the object being measured.
Abstract:
A densitometer providing simultaneous sensing of the density in precisely adjacent portions of plural adjacent tracks. The densitometer preferably operates with stellar a pattern in which two reference tracks have been photographically recorded either side of a central specimen track of a star. The simultaneous detection of the three tracks insures a high degree of alignment between the reference and star tracks so that the correlation of their relative positions is a more accurate indication of the shift between the reference and star tracks. Alignment controls and the ability to microscopically view the radiation path through the densitometer facilitates set-up of the system to the high accuracy of results that it can achieve.
Abstract:
To eliminate astigmatism and coma in a spectrograph the distance between the entrance slot and a first concave mirror, as well as the relative angular positions of the entrance slot, the plane grating, the two concave mirrors and the focal plane are selected so as to satisfy the following conditions. ##STR1##
Abstract:
Process for color-copying a colored original which involves the color selections of said original, characterized(a) by photocopying and developing each of said color selections with developers containing dyestuffs which are sublimable or vaporizable between 130 and 230.degree. C and which correspond to the photocopied color selection,(b) by transferring these copies successively by superposing its in registration onto an intermediary support, in order to reconstitute the inverse color image of the original, and(c) by righting said intermediate image by transferring in one heating-step on the final support and the color photocopies obtained by the process.
Abstract:
A density check plate comprising a support having thereon a plurality of light absorbing filters, each of which has a light transmission limit wavelength at a different spectral wavelength and which completely and sharply absorbs light of a wavelength shorter than the wavelength of the light transmission limit wavelength.