Abstract:
The invention relates to a gas discharge lamp for EUV radiation with an anode (1) and a hollow cathode (2), wherein the hollow cathode (2) has at least two openings (3, 3′) and the anode (1) has a through hole (4), which is characterized in that the longitudinal axes (5, 5′) of the hollow cathode openings (3) have a common point of intersection S lying on the axis of symmetry (6) of the anode opening (4).
Abstract:
A microcavity discharge device generates radiation with wavelengths in the range of from 11 to 14 nanometers. The device has a semiconductor plug, a dielectric layer, and an anode layer. A microcavity extends completely through the anode and dielectric layers and partially into the semiconductor plug. According to one aspect of the invention, a substrate layer has an aperture aligned with the microcavity. The microcavity is filled with a discharge gas under pressure which is excited by a combination of constant DC current and a pulsed current to produce radiation of the desired wavelength. The radiation is emitted through the base of the microcavity. A second embodiment has a metal layer which transmits radiation with wavelengths in the range of from 11 to 12 nanometers, and which excludes longer wavelengths from the emitted beam.
Abstract:
A hollow cathode having at least a portion of the inner, outer or both surfaces coated with a layer of a getter material is described. Some methods for the production of the hollow cathode of the invention are also described, which include cathodic and electrophoretic deposition of the getter layer onto the hollow cathode.
Abstract:
A discharge device is described that contains an anode, a cathode, and an insulating layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. A cavity is extends entirely through at least one of the anode or cathode and penetrates the dielectric layer. At least one of the anode or cathode may include a screen or the dielectric layer may have a plurality of films with at least two different dielectric constants. The voltage differences between the anode and cathode in each of multiple devices electrically connected together may be limited.
Abstract:
A microcavity discharge device generates radiation with wavelengths in the range of from 11 to 14 nanometers. The device has a semiconductor plug, a dielectric layer, and an anode layer. A microcavity extends completely through the anode and dielectric layers and partially into the semiconductor plug. According to one aspect of the invention, a substrate layer has an aperture aligned with the microcavity. The microcavity is filled with a discharge gas under pressure which is excited by a combination of constant DC current and a pulsed current to produce radiation of the desired wavelength. The radiation is emitted through the base of the microcavity. A second embodiment has a metal layer which transmits radiation with wavelengths in the range of from 11 to 12 nanometers, and which excludes longer wavelengths from the emitted beam.
Abstract:
A microcavity discharge device generates radiation with wavelengths in the range of from 11 to 14 nanometers. The device has a semiconductor plug, a dielectric layer, and an anode layer. A microcavity extends completely through the anode and dielectric layers and partially into the semiconductor plug. According to one aspect of the invention, a substrate layer has an aperture aligned with the microcavity. The microcavity is filled with a discharge gas under pressure which is excited by a combination of constant DC current and a pulsed current to produce radiation of the desired wavelength. The radiation is emitted through the base of the microcavity. A second embodiment has a metal layer which transmits radiation with wavelengths in the range of from 11 to 12 nanometers, and which excludes longer wavelengths from the emitted beam.
Abstract:
A microdischarge device has a semiconductor layer, an intermediate layer, and a conductive layer. A tapered cavity is disposed in at least the semiconductor layer.
Abstract:
A discharge device is described that contains an anode, a cathode, and an insulating layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. A cavity is extends entirely through at least one of the anode or cathode and penetrates the dielectric layer. At least one of the anode or cathode may include a screen or the dielectric layer may have a plurality of films with at least two different dielectric constants. The voltage differences between the anode and cathode in each of multiple devices electrically connected together may be limited.
Abstract:
A discharge device for operation in a gas at a prescribed pressure includes a cathode having a plurality of micro hollows therein, and an anode spaced from the cathode. Each of the micro hollows has dimensions selected to produce a micro hollow discharge at the prescribed pressure. Preferably, each of the micro hollows has a cross-sectional dimension that is on the order of the mean free path of electrons in the gas. Electrical energy is coupled to the cathode and the anode at a voltage and current for producing micro hollow discharges in each of the micro hollows in the cathode. The discharge device may include a discharge chamber for maintaining the prescribed pressure. A dielectric layer may be disposed on the cathode when the spacing between the cathode and the anode is greater than about the mean free path of electrons in the gas. Applications of the discharge device include fluorescent lamps, excimer lamps, flat fluorescent light sources, miniature gas lasers, electron sources and ion sources.
Abstract:
Cold electrodes for gas discharges have an electrically conductive carrier material on which an emission coating is disposed. The photoelectric output work of the material of the emission coating is less than that of the carrier material or less than 5.6*10-19 joule/electron. The emission coating can, in particular, contain yttrium. The electrode preferably has the form of a hollow body and can be embedded in a glass body.