Abstract:
Embodiments of the invention relate to a hydrogen-resistant optical fiber with a core having a central axis. The core may include only silica, or only silica and fluorine, while a cladding region surrounding the core may be made of silica and fluorine, along with at least one of germanium, phosphorus, and titanium.
Abstract:
A method is provided that includes: forming a low-index trench region with a first density; forming an inner barrier layer comprising silica around the trench region at a second density greater than the first density; depositing silica-based soot around the first barrier layer to form an overclad region at a third density less than the second density; inserting a core cane into a trench-overclad structure; forming an outer barrier layer comprising silica in an outer portion of the overclad region at a fourth density greater than the third density; flowing a down dopant-containing gas through the trench-overclad structure to dope the trench region with the down dopant, and wherein the barrier layers mitigate diffusion of the down-dopant into the overclad region; and consolidating the trench-overclad and the core cane.
Abstract:
A method for the production of a mirror element (10) that has a reflective coating (10a) for the EUV wavelength range and a substrate (10b). The substrate (10b) is pre-compacted by hot isostatic pressing, and the reflective coating (10a) is applied to the pre-compacted substrate (10b). In the method, either the pre-compacting of the substrate (10b) is performed until a saturation value of the compaction of the substrate (10b) by long-term EUV irradiation is reached, or, for further compaction, the pre-compacted substrate (10b) is irradiated, preferably homogeneously, with ions (16) and/or with electrons in a surface region (15) in which the coating (10a) has been or will be applied. A mirror element (10) for the EUV wavelength range associated with the method has a substrate (10b) pre-compacted by hot isostatic pressing. Such a mirror element (10) is suitable to be provided in an EUV projection exposure system.
Abstract:
A method of manufacturing fluorescent material-dispersed glass, comprising: performing production of a fluorescent material-dispersed gel utilizing sol-gel reaction and acid-base reaction by preparing a fluorescent material-dispersed sol containing silicon alkoxide, metal chloride and/or metal aklkoxide, and fluorescent material, and subsequently gelling the fluorescent material-dispersed sol; and performing production of a fluorescent material-dispersed glass by heating the fluorescent material-dispersed gel.
Abstract:
A method for forming a Tzc gradient in a silica-titania glass article is provided. The method includes contacting a first surface of the glass article with a surface of a first heating module of a heating apparatus and contacting a second surface of the glass article with a surface of a second heating module of the heating apparatus. The method further includes raising the temperature of the first heating module to a first temperature, raising the temperature of the second heating module to a second temperature, and maintaining the first heating module at the first temperature and the second heating module at the second temperature for a predetermined period of time to form a thermal gradient through the glass article, the first temperature being greater than the second temperature. The method also includes cooling the glass article to form a Tzc gradient through the thickness of the glass article.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a TiO2-containing quartz glass substrate for an imprint mold having a main surface and a side surface, in which the side surface has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 1 nm or less, and the side surface has a root mean square (MSFR_rms) of concaves and convexes in the wavelength region of from 10 μm to 1 mm being 10 nm or less.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a multimode optical fiber having a refractive index profile, comprising a light-guiding core surrounded by one or more cladding layers. The present invention furthermore relates to an optical communication system comprising a transmitter, a receiver and a multimode optical fiber.
Abstract:
Methods for forming optical fiber preforms are disclosed. According to one embodiment, a method for forming an optical fiber preform includes forming a preform core portion from silica-based glass soot. The silica-based glass soot may include at least one dopant species for altering an index of refraction of the preform core portion. A selective diffusion layer of silica-based glass soot may be formed around the preform core portion to form a soot preform. The selective diffusion layer may have an as-formed density greater than the density of the preform core portion. A diffusing species may be diffused through the selective diffusion layer into the preform core portion. The soot preform may be sintered such that the selective diffusion layer has a barrier density which is greater than the as-formed density and the selective diffusion layer prevents diffusion of the at least one dopant species through the selective diffusion layer.
Abstract:
A titania and sulfur co-doped quartz glass member is provided. Due to co-doping of titania and sulfur, the quartz glass member undergoes zero expansion at a certain temperature and low thermal expansion over a wide temperature range, and is thus suited for use in a commercial EUV lithography tool. A manufacturing method and an optical member for EUV lithography are also provided.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a substrate for EUV lithography optical member, comprising a silica glass containing TiO2, in which the substrate has two opposite surfaces, and the substrate has temperatures at which a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE) is 0 ppb/° C. (Cross-Over Temperature: COT), and in which the two opposite surfaces have difference in the COTs of 5° C. or more.