Abstract:
An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus 10 includes a first propagation unit 16, a second propagation unit 17, a first detector 19, and a second detector 20. The first propagation unit 16 propagates electromagnetic waves incident on a reference surface ss in a particular direction using each pixel px. The second propagation unit 17 includes a first surface s1, a second surface s2, a third surface s3, a fourth surface s4, a fifth surface s5, and a sixth surface s6. The first surface s1 propagates electromagnetic waves incident from a first direction in a second direction and propagates electromagnetic propagated in a third direction in a fourth direction. The second surface s2 separates electromagnetic waves propagated in the second direction d2 and propagate electromagnetic waves in a third direction d3 and a fifth direction d5. The first detector 19 detects electromagnetic waves emitted from the third surface s3. The second detector 20 detects electromagnetic waves emitted from the sixth surface s6.
Abstract:
A device for imaging light, or a source of the light, includes a window for receiving incident light from the source, at least one metasurface, and at least one wedge prism. The metasurface and the wedge prism form a Risley pair and are displaced independently of each other. Each of the metasurface and the wedge prism are operative to deflect the incident light at an angle that is different from an angle of light incident upon them. Each metasurface includes a plurality of sub-wavelength structures that are operative to interact with the incident light received from the window. The device also includes a lens system that is operative to transmit the incident light received from the at least one metasurface and the at least one wedge prism and focuses it on a focal plane.
Abstract:
An optical sensing module including a lens and a sensing device is provided. The lens has an optical axis. The sensing device is disposed under the lens, wherein the sensing device is to receive an object beam passing the lens. The optical axis of the lens deviates from a geometric center of the sensing device. An optical sensing module including a prism film, a sensing device and a lens is further provided. The prism film has a plurality of prisms. The sensing device is disposed under the prism film, wherein the sensing device is to receive an object beam sequentially passing the prism film and the lens. The lens is disposed between the prism film and the sensing device.
Abstract:
System and method for accurately measuring alignment of every exposure field on a pre-patterned wafer without reducing wafer-exposure throughput. Diffraction grating disposed in scribe-lines of such wafer, used as alignment marks, and array of encoder-heads (each of which is configured to define positional phase(s) of at least one such alignment mark) are used. Determination of trajectory of a wafer-stage scanning during the wafer-exposure in the exposure tool employs determining in-plane coordinates of such spatially-periodic alignment marks by simultaneously measuring position-dependent phases of signals produced by these marks as a result of recombination of light corresponding to different diffraction orders produced by these marks. Measurements may be performed simultaneously at all areas corresponding to at least most of the exposure fields of the wafer, and/or with use of a homodyne light source, and/or in a wavelength-independent fashion, and/or with a pre-registration process allowing for accommodation of wafers with differently-dimensioned exposure fields.
Abstract:
An image sensor including a color splitting element and a method of operating the image sensor are provided. The image sensor may include a plurality of unit pixels, and each pixel of the plurality of unit pixels may include a plurality of color sub-pixels. At least one color sub-pixel of the plurality of color sub-pixels may include a color splitting element that has a first refractive index greater than a second refractive index of a material that surrounds the first color splitting element.
Abstract:
A deflecting prism for electromagnetic radiation, in particular for refractometer- and/or ATR-measurements, is part of a measuring configuration. The deflecting prism has a body produced in one piece from a mono-crystal. The body has at least two beam conductive surfaces on a side of the body opposite each other or circumferentially about the body and a measuring surface lying between the beam conductive surfaces or surrounded by the latter. The body further has at least one beam entry surface or a beam exit surface. Accordingly, the measuring surface lies on an elevation formed on the body, which crosses over via a ledge surrounding the elevation into the remaining part of the body. On the remaining part, the beam conductive surfaces and/or the beam entry surface or exit surface lie.
Abstract:
System and method for accurately measuring alignment of every exposure field on a pre-patterned wafer without reducing wafer-exposure throughput. Diffraction grating disposed in scribe-lines of such wafer, used as alignment marks, and array of encoder-heads (each of which is configured to define positional phase(s) of at least one such alignment mark) are used. Determination of trajectory of a wafer-stage scanning during the wafer-exposure in the exposure tool employs determining in-plane coordinates of such spatially-periodic alignment marks by simultaneously measuring position-dependent phases of signals produced by these marks as a result of recombination of light corresponding to different diffraction orders produced by these marks. Measurements may be performed simultaneously at all areas corresponding to at least most of the exposure fields of the wafer, and/or with use of a homodyne light source, and/or in a wavelength-independent fashion, and/or with a pre-registration process allowing for accommodation of wafers with differently-dimensioned exposure fields.