公开(公告)号：US06657715B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

申请号：US09746415

申请日：2000-12-21

Applicant: Mehdi Vaez-Iravani ,  Stanley Stokowski ,  Guoheng Zhao

Inventor： Mehdi Vaez-Iravani ,  Stanley Stokowski ,  Guoheng Zhao

IPC: G01N2100

CPC classification number: G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/0216 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/8806 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/9501 ,  G01N2021/8825 ,  G01N2021/8845 ,  G01N2021/8848 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: A curved mirrored surface is used to collect radiation scattered by a sample surface and originating from a normal illumination beam and an oblique illumination beam. The collected radiation is focused to a detector. Scattered radiation originating from the normal and oblique illumination beams may be distinguished by employing radiation at two different wavelengths, by intentionally introducing an offset between the spots illuminated by the two beams or by switching the normal and oblique illumination beams on and off alternately. Beam position error caused by change in sample height may be corrected by detecting specular reflection of an oblique illumination beam and changing the direction of illumination in response thereto. Butterfly-shaped spatial filters may be used in conjunction with curved mirror radiation collectors to restrict detection to certain azimuthal angles.

公开(公告)号：US06618134B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-09

申请号：US10033069

申请日：2001-12-27

Applicant: Mehdi Vaez-Iravani ,  Stanley Stokowski ,  Guoheng Zhao

Inventor： Mehdi Vaez-Iravani ,  Stanley Stokowski ,  Guoheng Zhao

IPC: G01N2100

CPC classification number: G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/0216 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/8806 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/9501 ,  G01N2021/8825 ,  G01N2021/8845 ,  G01N2021/8848 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: A curved mirrored surface is used to collect radiation scattered by a sample surface and originating from a normal illumination beam and an oblique illumination beam. The collected radiation is focused to a detector. Scattered radiation originating from the normal and oblique illumination beams may be distinguished by employing radiation at two different wavelengths, by intentionally introducing an offset between the spots illuminated by the two beams or by switching the normal and oblique illumination beams on and off alternately. Beam position error caused by change in sample height may be corrected by detecting specular reflection of an oblique illumination beam and changing the direction of illumination in response thereto. Butterfly-shaped spatial filters may be used in conjunction with curved mirror radiation collectors to restrict detection to certain azimuthal angles.

公开(公告)号：US20020080346A1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-27

申请号：US10033069

申请日：2001-12-27

Inventor： Mehdi Vaez-Iravani ,  Stanley Stokowski ,  Guoheng Zhao

IPC: G01N021/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/0216 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/8806 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/9501 ,  G01N2021/8825 ,  G01N2021/8845 ,  G01N2021/8848 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: A curved mirrored surface is used to collect radiation scattered by a sample surface and originating from a normal illumination beam and an oblique illumination beam. The collected radiation is focused to a detector. Scattered radiation originating from the normal and oblique illumination beams may be distinguished by employing radiation at two different wavelengths, by intentionally introducing an offset between the spots illuminated by the two beams or by switching the normal and oblique illumination beams on and off alternately. Beam position error caused by change in sample height may be corrected by detecting specular reflection of an oblique illumination beam and changing the direction of illumination in response thereto. Butterfly-shaped spatial filters may be used in conjunction with curved mirror radiation collectors to restrict detection to certain azimuthal angles.

公开(公告)号：US06384910B2

公开(公告)日：2002-05-07

申请号：US09745492

申请日：2000-12-21

Applicant: Mehdi Vaez-Iravani ,  Stanley Stokowski ,  Guoheng Zhao

Inventor： Mehdi Vaez-Iravani ,  Stanley Stokowski ,  Guoheng Zhao

IPC: G01N2188

CPC classification number: G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/0216 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/8806 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/9501 ,  G01N2021/8825 ,  G01N2021/8845 ,  G01N2021/8848 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: A curved mirrored surface is used to collect radiation scattered by a sample surface and originating from a normal illumination beam and an oblique illumination beam. The collected radiation is focused to a detector. Scattered radiation originating from the normal and oblique illumination beams may be distinguished by employing radiation at two different wavelengths, by intentionally introducing an offset between the spots illuminated by the two beams or by switching the normal and oblique illumination beams on and off alternately. Beam position error caused by change in sample height may be corrected by detecting specular reflection of an oblique illumination beam and changing the direction of illumination in response thereto. Butterfly-shaped spatial filters may be used in conjunction with curved mirror radiation collectors to restrict detection to certain azimuthal angles.

Abstract translation: 弯曲的镜面用于收集样品表面散射的辐射，并起源于正常照明光束和倾斜照明光束。 收集的辐射被聚焦到检测器。 可以通过使用两个不同波长的辐射，通过有意地在由两个光束照射的光斑之间引入偏移，或者通过交替地切换正常和倾斜照明光束来区分源自正常和倾斜照明光束的散射辐射。 可以通过检测倾斜照明光束的镜面反射并响应于其而改变照明方向来校正由样本高度的变化引起的光束位置误差。 蝶形空间滤波器可以与曲面镜辐射收集器一起使用，以将检测限制在某些方位角。

公开(公告)号：US20010000977A1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-10

申请号：US09746415

申请日：2000-12-21

Inventor： Mehdi Vaez-Iravani ,  Stanley Stokowski ,  Guoheng Zhao

IPC: G01N021/88

CPC classification number: G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/0216 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/8806 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/9501 ,  G01N2021/8825 ,  G01N2021/8845 ,  G01N2021/8848 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: A curved mirrored surface is used to collect radiation scattered by a sample surface and originating from a normal illumination beam and an oblique illumination beam. The collected radiation is focused to a detector. Scattered radiation originating from the normal and oblique illumination beams may be distinguished by employing radiation at two different wavelengths, by intentionally introducing an offset between the spots illuminated by the two beams or by switching the normal and oblique illumination beams on and off alternately. Beam position error caused by change in sample height may be corrected by detecting specular reflection of an oblique illumination beam and changing the direction of illumination in response thereto. Butterfly-shaped spatial filters may be used in conjunction with curved mirror radiation collectors to restrict detection to certain azimuthal angles.

公开(公告)号：US5369481A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-29

申请号：US880807

申请日：1992-05-08

Applicant: Bernard J. Berg ,  Thomas J. Boes ,  Mark A. Cargill ,  Patrick S. Rood

Inventor： Bernard J. Berg ,  Thomas J. Boes ,  Mark A. Cargill ,  Patrick S. Rood

IPC: G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/51 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/0251 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/513 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N2021/556 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: A portable spectrophotometer includes a small-diameter optical sphere as well as optical detectors and signal processing and display circuitry which allows the instrument to be taken to an object to be measured and which provides a readout of color values at the portable instrument. The instrument is capable of providing specular-included and specular-excluded color readings simultaneously. The interior of the integrating sphere is coated with a highly reflective, color-absorbing material, and light from an incandescent lamp is diffused within the sphere prior to reaching the object to be measured. The sphere is provided with a first aperture which receives spectrally-included light and which is positioned to absorb a spectral component of the diffused source light. A second aperture positioned at a corresponding angular position with respect to the object measures specular-excluded light, excluding the specular component absorbed by the first aperture. Light detected from the first aperture is analyzed at a plurality of wavelengths obtained by the use of interference filters, and the light obtained from the second aperture is analyzed at one of the plurality of wavelengths. By appropriately combining the specular-included and specular-excluded at one wavelength, a value for the specular component is derived. Since this value is a theoretical constant, it is used to derive a specular-excluded reading from each of the specular-included readings at the different wavelengths.

Abstract translation: 便携式分光光度计包括小直径光学球以及光学检测器和信号处理和显示电路，其允许将仪器带到要测量的对象，并且在便携式仪器上提供彩色值的读出。 该仪器能够同时提供镜面包含和镜面排除的色彩读数。 积分球的内部涂覆有高反射性的彩色吸收材料，并且来自白炽灯的光在到达待测量物体之前在球体内扩散。 该球体设置有第一孔，其接收光谱包围的光，并被定位成吸收漫射源光的光谱分量。 位于相对于物体的相应角度位置的第二孔测量除了由第一孔吸收的镜面反射分量之外的镜面排除光。 以通过使用干涉滤光器获得的多个波长来分析从第一孔径检测到的光，并且从多个波长中的一个分析从第二孔径获得的光。 通过适当地组合在一个波长处的镜面包含和镜面排除，导出镜面反射分量的值。 由于该值是一个理论常数，它用于从不同波长的每个镜面包含的读数中导出镜面排除的读数。

公开(公告)号：US5201576A

公开(公告)日：1993-04-13

申请号：US876922

申请日：1992-04-30

Applicant: Henry P. Squyres

Inventor： Henry P. Squyres

IPC: G01N21/85 ,  G01N21/88

CPC classification number: G01N21/8806 ,  G01N2021/8592 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: A shadowless illumination system (10) according to the present invention includes a spherical chamber (14) having a chamber entrance opening (18) and a chamber exit opening (20). The inside surface (32) of the spherical chamber is coated with highly reflective flat white paint. A clear rigid plastic cylindrical tube (22) is positioned in the spherical chamber between the chamber entrance and exit openings. A circular fluorescent ring lamp (36) is positioned inside the spherical chamber to form an annulus around the tube. The lamp and the white inside surface of the spherical chamber provide shadowless illumination for articles (30) that are dropped or otherwise projected through the tube. The articles are inspected as they pass through the tube by at least two video inspection cameras (52 and 62) that view opposite sides of the articles through respective viewing openings (44 and 48). Whenever no articles are present in the image plane of a camera, the lamp provides a saturated background for the camera. A ballast (140) controls the voltage to the lamp to provide constant light intensity.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的无阴影照明系统（10）包括具有室入口（18）和室出口（20）的球形室（14）。 球形室的内表面（32）涂覆有高反射平面白色涂料。 清晰的刚性塑料圆柱形管（22）位于室入口和出口之间的球形室中。 环形荧光环形灯（36）位于球形室内部以形成围绕管的环形空间。 灯泡和球形腔室的白色内表面为物品（30）提供无阴影照明，用于通过管子掉落或以其他方式投射的物品（30）。 当物品通过至少两个通过相应的观察开口（44和48）看待物品的相对侧的视频检查照相机（52和62）通过管时进行检查。 每当相机的图像平面中没有物品时，灯将为相机提供饱和的背景。 镇流器（140）控制灯的电压以提供恒定的光密度。

公开(公告)号：US5187368A

公开(公告)日：1993-02-16

申请号：US581823

申请日：1990-09-12

Applicant: Leonard J. Galante ,  Robert A. Lodder

Inventor： Leonard J. Galante ,  Robert A. Lodder

IPC: C12M1/34 ,  G01N21/51

CPC classification number: G01N21/51 ,  C12M41/36 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4742 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence or absence of microorganisms in a liquid test sample is provided without need for withdrawing an aliquot or destroying the sample. The method comprises taking near-infrared spectra of the sample and comparing it visually or mathematically to the spectra of a standard, which may be the values of the spectra known to the operator or may be a standard sample that is provided and run side-by-side.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于检测液体测试样品中微生物的存在或不存在的方法，而不需要抽出等分试样或破坏样品。 该方法包括取样品的近红外光谱，并将其在视觉上或数学上与标准品的光谱进行比较，其可以是操作者已知的光谱值，或者可以是提供并运行的标准样品 -侧。

公开(公告)号：US5182618A

公开(公告)日：1993-01-26

申请号：US793261

申请日：1991-11-13

Applicant: Aimo Heinonen

Inventor： Aimo Heinonen

IPC: G01J1/24 ,  G01N21/47

CPC classification number: G01N21/474 ,  G01J1/24 ,  G01N2021/4752 ,  G01N2201/065 ,  G01N2201/127

Abstract: A reflectometric method of measurement for a 2-channel reflectometer, wherein in connection with the calibration, the standard sample is placed in the measruing channel (4), the dimming of the measuring channel is set to a random position and the light intensities detected both in the measuring channel and the reference channel (14) are adjusted into balance by adjusting the dimming of the reference channel by aid of the measuring diaphragm (17), and the measuring of the sample is carried out by setting the intensities into balance, likewise by aid of the measuring diaphragm of the reference channel. The reflectance value of the sample under measurement is calculated from the reflectance value of the standard, by aid of the set value of the measuring diaphragm obtained in the measurement and on the basis of the set value of the measuring diaphragm obtained in the calibration measurement.

Abstract translation: 2通道反射计的反射测量方法，其中结合校准将标准样品放置在测量通道（4）中，将测量通道的调光设置为随机位置，并且检测到光强度 通过借助测量膜片（17）调节参考通道的调光，将测量通道和参考通道（14）调整为平衡，通过将强度设定为平衡来进行样品的测量 借助于参考通道的测量膜片。 通过在测量中获得的测量膜的设定值和基于在校准测量中获得的测量膜的设定值，从标准物的反射率值计算测量样品的反射率值。

公开(公告)号：US5155546A

公开(公告)日：1992-10-13

申请号：US709598

申请日：1991-06-03

Applicant: William L. Balsam ,  Bobby C. Deaton

Inventor： William L. Balsam ,  Bobby C. Deaton

IPC: G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N33/24

CPC classification number: G01N21/474 ,  G01N33/241 ,  G01N2021/1748 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: A method for quantitatively determining the total organic carbon and vitrinite reflectance of rocks and sediments utilizes the entire visible light spectrum. A sample is prepared and placed in a spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer has a light source that produces the entire visible light spectrum. A monochromator passes narrow wavelength bands of the source light therethrough to illuminate the sample. The total diffuse reflectance spectrum is obtained from the sample using the spectrophotometer. The reflectance spectral data are processed by determining the first derivative and by comparing it to calibration data of known total organic carbon and vitrinite reflectance.

Abstract translation: 定量测定岩石和沉积物总有机碳和镜质体反射率的方法利用了整个可见光谱。 制备样品并置于分光光度计中。 分光光度计具有产生整个可见光光谱的光源。 单色仪通过源光的窄波段通过其照射样品。 使用分光光度计从样品获得总漫反射光谱。 通过确定一阶导数并将其与已知总有机碳和镜质体反射率的校准数据进行比较来处理反射光谱数据。