公开(公告)号：US11873219B2

公开(公告)日：2024-01-16

申请号：US17045961

申请日：2019-04-04

Applicant: SHELL OIL COMPANY

Inventor： Leonardo Spanu ,  Carolus Matthias Anna Maria Mesters

IPC: C01B3/30 ,  C01B32/162 ,  B01J23/755 ,  C01B3/56 ,  H01J49/06 ,  H01J49/10 ,  H01J49/24

CPC classification number: C01B3/30 ,  B01J23/755 ,  C01B3/56 ,  C01B32/162 ,  H01J49/067 ,  H01J49/105 ,  H01J49/24 ,  C01B2203/0277

Abstract: A method of operating a mass spectrometer vacuum interface, the vacuum interface comprising an evacuated expansion chamber downstream of a plasma ion source at atmospheric or relatively high pressure, the expansion chamber having a first aperture that interfaces with the plasma ion source to form an expanding plasma downstream of the first aperture and a second aperture downstream of the first aperture from the plasma for skimming the expanding plasma to form a skimmed expanding plasma; wherein the expansion chamber is pumped by an interface vacuum pump to provide an interface pressure in the chamber; the method comprising using a controller to automatically, or according to user input, control the throughput of the interface vacuum pump to control the interface pressure dependent on one or more operating modes of the spectrometer. A pressure gauge can be located in the expansion chamber and a feedback loop provided between the pressure gauge and controller.

公开(公告)号：US09822312B2

公开(公告)日：2017-11-21

申请号：US15126364

申请日：2015-03-16

Applicant: SHELL OIL COMPANY

Inventor： Gerrit Leendert Bezemer ,  Carolus Matthias Anna Maria Mesters ,  Johan Peter Den Breejen

IPC: C10G2/00 ,  C07C1/04 ,  B01J37/18 ,  B01J23/75 ,  B01J8/06 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J23/94

CPC classification number: C10G2/332 ,  B01J8/001 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J8/065 ,  B01J8/067 ,  B01J23/75 ,  B01J23/94 ,  B01J37/18 ,  B01J2208/00061 ,  B01J2208/00628 ,  B01J2208/00646 ,  B01J2208/00716 ,  B01J2219/002 ,  B01J2219/00213 ,  B01J2219/00231 ,  C07C1/04 ,  C07C1/045 ,  C07C1/0455 ,  C07C1/047 ,  C07C1/048 ,  C10G2/341

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for start-up and operation of a Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprising the steps of: (a) providing a reactor with a fixed bed of reduced Fischer-Tropsch catalyst that comprises cobalt as catalytically active metal; (b) supplying a gaseous feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen to the reactor, wherein the gaseous feed stream initially comprises a nitrogen-containing compound other than molecular nitrogen in an initial concentration in the range of from 0.1 to 50 ppmv based on the volume of the gaseous feed stream; (c) converting carbon monoxide and hydrogen supplied with the gaseous feed stream to the reactor into hydrocarbons at an initial reaction temperature, wherein the initial reaction temperature is set at a value of at least 200° C. and hydrocarbons are produced at a first yield; (d) maintaining the initial reaction temperature at the set value and maintaining the first yield by decreasing the concentration of the nitrogen-containing compound in the gaseous feed stream supplied to the reactor; (e) optionally increasing the reaction temperature after the concentration of the nitrogen-containing compound in the gaseous feed stream has decreased to a value below 100 ppbv.