Abstract:
Provided in a fuel additive for heavy oil, made using a composition comprising: an oil-soluble metallic compound containing any one metal selected from calcium, barium, manganese, and iron; alcohol; hydrotreated light distillate; paraffin (kerosene); mineral oil; and a nonionic surfactant. The fuel additive for heavy oil, when added in a small amount to a heavy oil, can lower the kinematic viscosity and the flash point of the heavy oil, minimize the occurrence of a residual carbon fraction, dust, a sulfur fraction, or the like, increase the caloric value of the heavy oil, and improve the combustion efficiency during the combustion of the heavy oil.
Abstract:
Provided in a fuel additive for heavy oil, made using a composition comprising: an oil-soluble metallic compound containing any one metal selected from calcium, barium, manganese, and iron; alcohol; hydrotreated light distillate; paraffin (kerosene); mineral oil; and a nonionic surfactant. The fuel additive for heavy oil, when added in a small amount to a heavy oil, can lower the kinematic viscosity and the flash point of the heavy oil, minimize the occurrence of a residual carbon fraction, dust, a sulfur fraction, or the like, increase the caloric value of the heavy oil, and improve the combustion efficiency during the combustion of the heavy oil.
Abstract:
There is disclosed a composition comprising an alloy represented by the following generic formula (Aa)n(Bb)n(Cc)n(Dd)n( . . . )n; wherein each capital letter and ( . . . ) is a metal; wherein A is a combustion modifier; B is a deposit modifier; C is a corrosion inhibitor; and D is a combustion co-modifier/electrostatic precipitator enhancer; wherein each subscript letter represents compositional stoichiometry; wherein n is greater than or equal to zero; and wherein the alloy comprises at least two different metals; and with the proviso that if the metal is cerium, then its compositional stoichiometry is less than about 0.7. There is also disclosed a fuel additive comprising an alloy; a fuel composition comprising the fuel additive composition; methods of making the fuel additive composition; and methods of using the disclosed alloy.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods of manufacture in which the additives are provided to impart desired properties to fuels. These properties include, without limitation, reduction of nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions from the exhaust stream of internal combustion engines using the fuels. Preferred embodiments of an additive form of the composition include a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of urea, cyanuric acid, triazine, ammonia and mixtures thereof, a carrier blend comprising an alkoxylated alcohol, a polyalkylene glycol ester and an alkanolamide and water. The additive may be provided in a concentrate form by addition of a solvent or may be provided as a final form fuel composition. A method of additive manufacture and is disclosed.
Abstract:
An additive composition comprises at least one colloidal metal compound or metallic species and a stabilising component, wherein the stabilising component comprises the product obtainable by the condensation reaction between: (i) at least one aldehyde or ketone or reactive equivalent thereof, and (ii) at least one compound comprising one or more aromatic moieties bearing at least one hydroxyl group and at least one further substituent chosen from a hydrocarbyl group, —COOR1 or COR1, wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group. The composition may further include at least one lubricity enhancer. Compositions of the invention tend to resist haziness, cloudiness and phase separation at relatively low and relatively high temperatures, and in the presence of lubricity enhancers and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).
Abstract translation:添加剂组合物包含至少一种胶体金属化合物或金属物质和稳定组分,其中稳定组分包括通过以下之间的缩合反应获得的产物:(i)至少一种醛或酮或其反应性等同物,和(ii) 至少一种包含一个或多个带有至少一个羟基的芳族部分和至少一个选自烃基-COOR 1或COR 1的其它取代基的化合物,其中 R 1表示氢或烃基。 组合物还可以包括至少一种润滑性增强剂。 本发明的组合物倾向于在相对较低和相对高的温度下以及在润滑性增强剂和脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)的存在下抵抗雾度,混浊和相分离。
Abstract:
A stable, substantially clear and homogeneous fuel composition contains an additive comprising a nitrogen donor and carrier, the nitrogen donor being present in an amount sufficient to reduce the NOx emissions of the fuel when subject to combustion and the carrier being selected to render the nitrogen donor soluble and to give the additive a molecular weight compatible with the energy properties of the fuel.
Abstract:
Gas turbine fuels, either ash-containing fuels having a high alkali metal content, such as greater than 5 ppm by weight sodium and/or potassium, or substantially ash-free fuels which are burned or combusted under conditions that alkali metal appears in the combustion products, are advantageously combusted in the presence of additive components consisting essentially of compounds of silicon and magnesium which form SiO.sub.2 and MgO at fuel combustion temperatures, the proportions of said compounds being such as to provide a combined SiO.sub.2 and MgO equivalent wherein the SiO.sub.2 :MgO ratio is greater than 2:1, the quantity of said additive components present during the combustion of said fuel being such as to provide a magnesium to vanadium weight ratio of at least 2:1 and a weight ratio of silicon to alkali metal of at least 2:1, preferably greater than 6:1.
Abstract:
MARKED INHIBITON OF CORROSION AND ASH DEPOSITION IN FOSSIL FUEL BURNING EQUIPMENT IS ACHIEVED BY UTILIZING IN THE OPERATION OF SUCH EQUIPMENT ADDITIVE COMPONENTS COMPRISING SOURCES OF SILICON AND MAGNESIUM, THE PROPORTIONS BEING SUCH AS TO PROVIDE A COMBINED SIO2 AND MGO EQUIVALENT WHEREIN THE SIO2:MGO RATIO IS GREATER THAN 2:1. THE ADDITIVE COMPONENTS CAN BE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, INORGANIC COMPOUNDS OR MIXTURES THEREOF, AND SUCH COMPOUNDS OR MIXTURES THEREOF CAN BE EITHER SOLUBLE OR DISPERSIBLE IN WATER OR OIL. THEY CAN BE INDIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY BLENDED WITH BULK FOSSIL FUEL PRIOR TO BURNING, INTRODUCED TO THE COMBUSTION ZONE SEPARATELY FROM THE FUEL, OR IN THE CASE OF FURNACES AND BOILERS, INTRODUCED DIRECTLY TO THE ASH DEPOSITION ZONE. IN THE COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS IN FURNACES, BOILERS AND DIESELS, THE ADDITIVE COMPONENTS SHOULD BE PRESENT IN AMOUNTS TO PROVIDE AT LEAST 0.05 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF COMBINED SIO2 AND MGO EQUIVALENT TO EACH PART BY WEIGHT OF ASH IN SAID FUEL. IN THE COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS IN GAS TURBINES, WHEREIN EITHER OR BOTH VANADIUM AND ALKALI METAL WILL BE PRESENT IN THE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS, THE ADDITIVE COMPONENTS SHOULD BE PRESENT IN AAMOUNTS TO PROVIDE AT LEAST 2 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF MAGNESIUM TO EACH PART BY WEIGHT OF VANADIUM IN SAID FUEL, WITH THE SIO2: MGO RATIO OF SAID COMPONENTS BEING SUCH AS TO PROVIDE AT LEAST 2 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF SILICON TO EACH PART BY WEIGHT OF ALKALI METAL IN SAID FUEL AND IN THE AIR COMBINING THEREWITH ON COMBUSTION.
Abstract:
Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.