Abstract:
The invention concerns a device and a method for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. Said device is partly or totally made of a zirconium-free material. A liquid of general formula (I) is used as extracting agent, wherein radicals R and R represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups or R and R form together with the N atom a heterocyclic five or six-membered ring and in which only one of the radicals is an aryl group and in which R stands for hydrogen or a C1-C4-alkyl group. The device comprises the following equipment: (i) a synthesis reactor (6); (ii) a hydrolysis reactor (1); (iii) a first distillation device (2); (iv) a second distillation device (4); (v) an extraction device (3) and (vi) a third distillation device (5). The material has been selected from the group consisting of the following classes of materials: titanium-palladium alloys, nickel-based materials containing chrome, molybdenum, and/or wolfram and high-alloy, austenitic special chrome-nickel steels containing molybdenum.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a method for the production of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. The method is characterized in that a liquid of general formula (I) that is used as extracting agent is also used as washing liquid for the off-gas produced during implementation of the method, wherein radicals R and R represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups or R and R together form with the N atom a heterocyclic five or six-membered ring and in which only one of the radicals is an aryl group and in which R stands for hydrogen or a C1-C4-alkyl group.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for obtaining formic acid which is completely free of water or free of water to a large extent. Aqueous formic acid is produced first by hydrolysing methyl formate and then liberated from the water in subsequent reprocessing. The inventive method is characterised in that the water vapour that is used for the hydrolysis of the methyl formate and for heating a distillation column used for reprocessing is also used as stripping steam for stripping off the waste water. The stripped waste water is produced during the reprocessing.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. This apparatus is constructed partly or entirely of substantially zirconium-free materials. The extractant employed is a liquid of the general formula I where the radicals R 1 and R 2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R 1 and R 2 jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R 3 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl group. The apparatus has a synthesis reactor ( 6 ), a hydrolysis reactor ( 1 ), three distillation devices ( 2,4,5 ) and an extraction device ( 3 ).
Abstract:
In a process for the work-up of a C4 fraction, comprising the process steps Extractive distillation (I), Selective hydrogenation over a heterogeneous catalyst (II), a crude 1,3-butadiene stream being obtained following process steps (I) and (II) and Distillation of the crude 1,3-butadiene stream for isolating pure 1,3-butadiene (III), the process steps I and II are carried out in a single column or in thermally coupled columns and the process step III is carried out in a second column.
Abstract:
A process for preparing cyclohexanol from benzene by: a) preparing cyclohexene by hydrogenating benzene in the presence of a catalyst, and b) preparing cyclohexanol by hydrating the cyclohexene in the presence of a catalyst, comprises: carrying out steps a) and b) in a reaction facility which has a bottom region at the lower end, a top region at the upper end, and a reaction zone between the top region and the bottom region which contains the catalyst according to steps a) and b), evaporating a portion of the benzene using the heat of reaction in the reaction zone, condensing it in the top region and returning it to the reaction zone, and withdrawing a reaction mixture containing cyclohexanol in the bottom region.
Abstract:
In a continuous process for fractionating a C4 fraction (C4) by extractive distillation using a selective solvent (LM) in an extractive distillation column (EDK), it is proposed that a dividing wall (TW) is installed in the longitudinal direction in the extractive distillation column (EDK) to form a first region (A), a second region (B) and a lower combined column region (C) and a top stream (C4H10) comprising the butanes is taken off from the first region (A), a top stream (C4H8) comprising the butenes is taken off from the second region (B) and a stream (C4H6) comprising the hydrocarbons from the C4 fraction which are more soluble in the selective solvent (LM) than are the butanes and the butenes is taken off from the lower combined column region (C).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. The process has the special feature that a liquid of the general formula Iwhere the radicals R and R are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R and R jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R is hydrogen or a C1-C4-alkyl group, employed as extractant is also employed as washing liquid for the offgases produced in the process.