Abstract:
A cleaning formulation for removing materials from a surface (e.g., an optical surface, a metal surface and the like), the cleaning formulation comprising from about 0.5 to about 60 weight percent of a compound derived from urea and a phosphorus-containing acid, together with a carrier therefor. A method for removing fouling materials from a surface is also described. The cleaning formulation may be used to remove materials, inter alia, from optical radiation surfaces, optical lens surfaces (e.g., a contact lens) and the like.
Abstract:
A radiation source module for use of fluid treatment system. The radiation source module comprises: a frame (105) having a first support member; at least one radiation source assembly (125) extending from and in engagement with a first support member, the at least one radiation source assembly comprising at least one radiation source disposed within a protective sleeve; and an optical radiation sensor (150) disposed within the protective sleeve. The radiation source module is particularly useful in ultraviolet radiation treatment systems used to disinfect wastewater.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a cleaning apparatus for a radiation source assembly in a fluid treatment system. The invention is characterized in that the cleaning apparatus comprises: a cleaning sleeve engaging a portion of the exterior of a radiation source in the radiation source assembly and movable between: (i) a retracted position wherein a portion of the radiation source is exposed to a flow of fluid to be treated, and (ii) an extended position wherein the portion of the radiation source is completely or partially covered by the cleaning sleeve, the cleaning sleeve further comprising a chamber in contact with the portion of the radiation source, the chamber adapted for receiving a cleaning fluid suitable to remove undesired materials from the portion of the radiation source upon movement of the cleaning sleeve.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a cleaning apparatus for a radiation source assembly in a fluid treatment system. The invention is characterized in that the cleaning apparatus comprises:
a cleaning sleeve engaging a portion of the exterior of a radiation source in the radiation source assembly and movable between: (i) a retracted position wherein a portion of the radiation source is exposed to a flow of fluid to be treated, and (ii) an extended position wherein the portion of the radiation source is completely or partially covered by the cleaning sleeve, the cleaning sleeve further comprising a chamber in contact with the portion of the radiation source, the chamber adapted for receiving a cleaning fluid suitable to remove undesired materials from the portion of the radiation source upon movement of the cleaning sleeve.
Abstract:
Turbulent mixing in a UV system is increased by positioning one or more ring-shaped devices, such as washers, at one or more predetermined locations on the exterior surface of each lamp unit in the system. The washers may have the same or different diameters. Turbulent mixing is also increased by retaining the upstream end of each lamp unit in a ring-shaped device, alone or in combination with washers positioned on each lamp unit exterior surface as described above.
Abstract:
A fluid treatment system includes one or more radiation sources arranged in an irradiation zone within a treatment zone through which fluid to be treated passes and is irradiated. The irradiation zone has a closed cross section to maintain the fluid within a predefined maximum distance from the radiation source. Preferably, the irradiation zone comprises a reduced cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow and thus the fluid flow velocity is increased through the irradiation zone. This allows the fluid to enter the treatment zone at relatively low speed, traverse the irradiation zone at high speed and exit the treatment zone again at relatively low speed to minimize the loss of hydraulic head throughout the system. Fluid entering the treatment zone passes through an inlet transition region wherein the cross-sectional area is reduced prior to entering the irradiation zone and fluid exiting the irradiation zone passes through an outlet transition region wherein the cross-sectional area is increased. Each transition region is designed to reduce hydraulic head losses as the fluid flow velocity is increased and decreased. In the irradiation zone, radiation sources are mounted on radiation modules which are arranged to provide improved accessibility for maintenance. The radiation modules may also be provided with cleaning assemblies which are operable to remove materials fouling the radiation sources in situ while the radiation sources are in the irradiation zone.
Abstract:
A process for treating a fluid comprising at least one chemical contaminant. The process comprises the steps of: (i) contacting the fluid with a particulate adsorbent material; (ii) allowing the adsorbent material to adsorb the chemical contaminant to produce a substantially purified fluid and a contaminant-carrying adsorbent material; (iii) separating the contaminant-carrying adsorbent material from the substantially purified fluid; (iv) contacting the contaminant-carrying adsorbent material with an aqueous slurry of a photocatalytic metal oxide powder in the presence of an electron acceptor and electromagnetic radiation in at least one of ultraviolet and visible regions; (v) allowing the contaminant to decompose to form a product which dissociates from the contaminant-carrying adsorbent to provide a regenerated adsorbent material, the aqueous slurry and the product; (vi) separating and recycling the regenerated adsorbent material to step (i); and (vii) recycling the aqueous slurry to step (iv). The process may be used to remove contaminants from and thereby purify fluids such as water, off-gases from air stripping processes and chimney gases.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a fluid treatment system comprising: an inlet; an outlet; a fluid treatment zone disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The fluid treatment zone: (i) comprises a first wall surface and a second wall surface opposed to the first wall surface, and (ii) having disposed therein at least one array of rows of radiation source assemblies (30). Each radiation source assembly has a longitudinal axis transverse to a direction of fluid flow through the fluid treatment zone and each of the first wall surface and the second wall surface comprises a first fluid deflector element (222, 227) and a second fluid deflector element (223, 228). The first fluid deflector element (222, 227) projecting into the fluid treatment zone to a greater extent than the second fluid deflector element (223, 228).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an ultraviolet radiation lamp. The lamp comprises: (i) a substantially sealed cavity comprising a mercury-containing material; and (ii) a heating unit disposed exteriorly with respect to the cavity. The heating unit is disposed in contact with a first portion of the cavity comprising the mercury-containing material. The heating unit has adjustable heat output.