Abstract:
A non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) multi-gas analyzer (405) has an optical element (950) that is positioned with respect to the axis of incident IR radiation such that it passes nearly all of the IR energy within a narrow band pass to one detector (540) and reflects nearly all of the IR energy outside the narrow band pass to another detector (535). Thus, the optical element (950) simultaneously functions both as a narrow band pass filter and a beam splitter, which transmits nearly all the IR radiation within a band pass and reflects nearly all the IR radiation outside the band pass. Additionally, the separation of the incoming energy can be achieved without an extended roll off. This allows using a reference transmission band that is very close to the absorption band of the gases of interest. It more specifically allows using a reference transmission band that is located between the absorption bands for hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide in an infrared analyzer that uses beam splitters.
Abstract:
This application relates to method and apparatus for gas analysis. An apparatus (200) may have a first reflector (103) and a second reflector (104) positioned on either side of a sample volume (202) for a gas sample. The configuration of the first reflector may be variable between at least first (103a) and second (103) configurations, wherein each of the first and second configurations is arranged such that a beam of optical radiation from an optical beam origin (210) is directed to a detector location (212) via the sample volume. In the second configuration the beam of optical radiation is reflected at least once from each of the first and second reflectors and the path length of the beam of optical radiation through the sample volume is greater than in the first configuration.
Abstract:
A well-logging tool may include a sonde housing and a radiation generator carried by the sonde housing. The radiation generator may include a generator housing, a target carried by the generator housing, a charged particle source carried by the generator housing to direct charged particles at the target, and at least one voltage source coupled to the charged particle source. The at least one voltage source may include a voltage ladder comprising a plurality of voltage multiplication stages coupled in a uni-polar configuration, and at least one loading coil coupled at at least one intermediate position along the voltage ladder. The well-logging tool may further include at least one radiation detector carried by the sonde housing.
Abstract:
A well-logging tool may include a sonde housing and a radiation generator carried by the sonde housing. The radiation generator may include a generator housing, a target carried by the generator housing, a charged particle source carried by the generator housing to direct charged particles at the target, and at least one voltage source coupled to the charged particle source. The at least one voltage source may include a voltage ladder comprising a plurality of voltage multiplication stages coupled in a uni-polar configuration, and at least one loading coil coupled at at least one intermediate position along the voltage ladder. The well-logging tool may further include at least one radiation detector carried by the sonde housing.
Abstract:
A method of protecting a sensor (300) for use in an environment in¬ cludes: providing a protective enclosure formed in a plurality of sec¬ tions (110a, 110b), at least a first section (110a) of the plurality of sections being movable relative to a second section (110b) of the plurality of sections so that the protective enclosure can be placed around at least a portion of the sensor (300); placing the first section (110a) adjacent the sensor (300) while the first section (110a) and the second section (110b) are in an open state; and moving the second section (110b) to place the first section (110a) and the second sec¬ tion (110b) in a closed state in which the first section (110a) and the second section (110b) encompass the at least a portion of the sensor (300).
Abstract:
The invention concerns measurements in which light interacts with matter giving rise to changes in light intensity, and preferred embodiment spectrophotometer devices of the invention provide for ultrasensitive measurements through a reflection interaction with matter. The level of light source noise in these measurements can be reduced in accordance with the invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention use sealed housings (112, 600, 700) lacking an internal light source, and reflection based sample and reference cells. In some embodiments a substantially solid thermally conductive housing (600, 700) is used. Other features of preferred embodiments include particular reflection based sample and reference cells. A total internal reflection embodiment includes, for example, a prism (302, 322, 622a, 623 a) including an interaction surface, a detector, a lens that focuses a beam output from the prism onto the detector, and a closed interaction volume having an inlet and an outlet for delivering gas or liquid to the interaction surface. In a specular reflection embodiment, a reflective surface (402, 422) is used instead of a prism. In a diffuse reflection embodiment a matte surface (502, 522) is used instead of a prism and the matte surface produces scattering. Aspects of the invention include identification of noise-contributing components in spectrophotometry and the select set of preferred features in a given embodiment, and noise levels very near the shot noise limit may be realized with application of preferred embodiment devices.
Abstract:
First, monochromatic near infrared light in a wavelength range of 700nm - 1100nm from the slit of the near infrared apparatus (1) is applied to a reference ceramic plate through the optical fiber (7) to measure a transmitted light intensity of the ceramic plate which is a reference material for spectrum measurement. Next, in place of the ceramic plate, the test tube (4) containing a liquid sample of which the temperature has been adjusted at a predetermined temperature by a water bath and the like is inserted into the housing portion (5). The transmitted light intensity of the liquid sample is then measured using the same procedure as above. A so-called near infrared absorption spectrum in which absorbance has been plotted against wavelengths is displayed on the screen of the computer (2). Information about each object characteristic is extracted from the spectrum data using a calibration equation.