Abstract:
Disclosed are high purity synthetic silica glass material having a high OH concentration homogeneity in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis, and process of making the same. The glass has high refractive index homogeneity. The glass can have high internal transmission of at least 99.65%/cm at 193 nm. The process does not require a post-sintering homogenization step. The controlling factors for high compositional homogeneity, thus high refractive index homogeneity, include high initial local soot density uniformity in the soot preform and slow sintering, notably isothermal treatment during consolidation.
Abstract:
Titania-containing silica glass bodies and extreme ultraviolet elements having low levels of striae are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for manufacturing and measuring striae in glass elements and extreme ultraviolet elements are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Fused silica members having high internal transmission and low birefringence are disclosed. Methods of making such fused silica members are also disclosed. According to the present invention, fused silica members having an internal transmission equal to or greater than 99.65%/cm at 193 nm and having an absolute maximum birefringence along the use axis of less than or equal to 0.75 nm/cm are provided.
Abstract:
Oscillation/rotation patterns for improving the off axis homogeneity of fused silica boules are provided. The patterns reduce the optical effects of periodic off-axis striae by decreasing the ratio of Δnstriae to Δzstriae, where Δnstriae is the average peak-to-valley magnitude of the striae and Δzstriae is their average peak-to-peak period. The oscillation/rotation patterns have long repeat periods and cause soot-producing burners to trace out substantially spiral-shaped patterns on the surface of the boule.
Abstract:
Fused silica boules (19) having improved homogeneity are produced by causing the boule (19) to flow radially during its formation to achieve local mixing between portions of the boule which may have experienced different laydown conditions. The mixing is achieved by one or a combination of: 1) use of a containment vessel (13) having a gently sloping containment wall (22); 2) use of a containment vessel (13) whose inner radius (rv) is substantially larger than the outermost radius (rb) of the burners used to produce the boule (19); and/or 3) maintaining the boule (19) at a sufficiently high temperature during laydown so that radial flow is achieved with a minimum head height of glass. Large blanks having high homogeneity can be made from such boules, e.g., blanks having diameters above 200 millimeters and Δn values of less than 0.25 x 10-6.