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公开(公告)号：FR2388358A1
公开(公告)日：1978-11-17
申请号：FR7808222
申请日：1978-03-13
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , LOWE ANTHONY C
Abstract: An electrochromic display device has an improved counter electrode arrangement. The device has a plurality of display elctrodes and a counter electrode in contact with a first electrolyte of a primary redox system. The counter electrode is charged to a predetermined potential. A secondary redox system is associated with the primary redox system. A secondary electrode in the secondary redox system is electrically connected to the counter electrode to maintain the charge on the counter electrode at a predetermined potential.
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公开(公告)号：FR2378108A1
公开(公告)日：1978-08-18
申请号：FR7712638
申请日：1977-04-19
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , MORGAN WILLIAM M
IPC: C25D3/06
Abstract: A plating solution and method of forming such a solution for plating chromium and its alloys from Cr(III) is disclosed. The solution is an aqueous solution of a chromium(III) thiocyanate complex having at least a ligand other than water or thiocyanate in the inner coordination sphere.
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公开(公告)号：FR2375683A1
公开(公告)日：1978-07-21
申请号：FR7734664
申请日：1977-11-10
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , HALLETT MICHAEL H , MARTIN DAVID H
Abstract: According to the disclosure, electrochromic display apparatus is provided, comprising, an electrolyte containing an electrochromic material, a plurality of display electrodes in the electrolyte, the display electrodes being connected in at least one group to enable selection of display electrodes, means for selecting at least some display electrodes, means to effect deposition of a visible coating of colored species derived from the electrochromic material onto the selected display electrodes, and means to effect deposition of an invisible coating of the colored species onto all unselected display electrodes, whereby the potentials of selected and unselected display electrodes are equalized.
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14.发明专利
公开(公告)号：CA1195646A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-22
申请号：CA372416
申请日：1981-03-05
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , VIGAR JAMES M L
Abstract: TRIVALENT CHROMIUM ELECTROPLATING SOLUTION INCLUDING THIOCYANATE AND ALKALI METAL SULPHATES A chromium electroplating solution in which the source of chromium comprises an equilibrated aqueous solution of chromium (III) - thiocyanate complexes and which has a supporting electrolyte consisting essentially of potassium sulphate or, preferably, a mixture of potassium and sodium sulphates. Such a solution is employed as the catholyte in a plating bath in which catholyte and anolyte are separated by a cation exchange membrane. This all sulphate bath permits the employment of lead anodes and has high efficiency and a good plating range.
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公开(公告)号：CA1150185A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-19
申请号：CA339759
申请日：1979-11-13
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , VIGAR JAMES M L
Abstract: A very low concentration (below 0.03 M) trivalent chromium plating bath in which the source of chromium is an equilibrated aqueous solution of a chromium (III) - thiocyanate complex gives a deposit of unexpectedly light colour. Such a bath is employed to produce thin overcoatings of light coloured chromium for decorative applications. The bath and process is also used to plate the initial layer of a thick (greater than 5 micron) deposit for engineering applications, the major part of which is plated from a higher chromium concentration bath. Such thick deposits from a higher concentration bath are more cohesive and smoother when plated over an initial layer from the low concentration bath.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：CA1111369A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-27
申请号：CA303634
申请日：1978-05-18
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , MORGAN WILLIAM M
Abstract: Chromium or chromium alloys can be electroplated from an equilibrated aqueous solution of a chromium (III) thiocyanate complex and a buffer rater1al, the buffer material in the equilibrated solution providing one of the ligands for the complex.
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公开(公告)号：CA1104806A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-14
申请号：CA314922
申请日：1978-10-30
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J
Abstract: According to the invention either or both hypophosphite or phosphite anions are used in an electrochromic electrolyte. The electrochromic electrolyte according to the present invention exhibits improved erasure time. The use of hypophosphite anions also improves substantially the transition time.
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公开(公告)号：FR2378108B1
公开(公告)日：1980-02-01
申请号：FR7712638
申请日：1977-04-19
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , MORGAN WILLIAM M
IPC: C25D3/06
Abstract: A plating solution and method of forming such a solution for plating chromium and its alloys from Cr(III) is disclosed. The solution is an aqueous solution of a chromium(III) thiocyanate complex having at least a ligand other than water or thiocyanate in the inner coordination sphere.
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公开(公告)号：FR2326756A1
公开(公告)日：1977-04-29
申请号：FR7625015
申请日：1976-08-10
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , HALLETT MICHAEL H , MINSHULL JOHN F , OWEN CHARLES E , KIRMAN DAVID H
Abstract: 1473772 Controlling light INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 30 Sept 1975 39872/75 Heading G2F [Also in Division G5] In a display device comprising a transfer electrode El, a dump electrode E2 and a plurality of display electrode E3 immersed in a liquid electrolyte, a potential difference is first applied between electrodes E1 and E2 such as to deposit coloured material on E1, and subsequently a potential difference is applied between E1 and at least one electrode E3 so as effectively to transfer the coloured material to the selected electrode(s) E3. In Fig. 2, dot electrodes E3 are arranged in rows and columns, each column having a respective electrode E1 and E2 and the electrolyte being separated from that in adjacent columns by partitions 14 or by being contained in channels in a substrate. If the coloured material is such as to deposit at a cathode, it is initially deposited on selected electrode E1 by earthing the conductor 15 (FET 18, input T2) and by turning on selected FETs 19 to render corresponding electrode E2 positive. FETs 19 are controlled by a like array of bi-stables 23 forming an input/output register 24, AND gate 22 and control input Cl applied simultaneously with input T2. Subsequently an input T1 renders conductor 15 positive and, in the previously selected columns only, the coloured material is effectively transferred to the electrodes E3 of a selected row by activating the corresponding row input R2 (row conductor to earth). By repeating the process the array is scanned row sequentially. Non-linear resistances Z, e.g. oppositely poled diodes connected in parallel, are preferably provided between each electrode E1 and E3 and its row conductor. Erasure of the display is by turning on FETs 21 (input C2) and successively energizing terminals R1, or by short-circuiting the electrodes E3 to the dump electrode E2. The former erasure method may be used when the display requires refreshing to overcome dissipation of the coloured material by diffusion effects. The current between an electrode E2 and a coloured electrode E3 causes a current sense amplifier 27 to set the respective bi-stable 23 for a subsequent re-writing step. Partial or complete erasure of the display due to electrical read-out thereof may be counteracted similarly by applying sequential positive and negative current pulses across electrodes E2 and E3, the nett current being zero. During the positive pulse, terminal 29 is energized and the current between a written electrode and the electrode E2 produces an output from the amplifier 27, so that the following negative pulse restores the electrode E3 to its original written state. The device may also be constructed as a seven segment display.
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公开(公告)号：FR2294250A1
公开(公告)日：1976-07-09
申请号：FR7532215
申请日：1975-10-13
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , MORGA WILLIAM M
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