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公开(公告)号：FR2326756A1
公开(公告)日：1977-04-29
申请号：FR7625015
申请日：1976-08-10
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , HALLETT MICHAEL H , MINSHULL JOHN F , OWEN CHARLES E , KIRMAN DAVID H
Abstract: 1473772 Controlling light INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 30 Sept 1975 39872/75 Heading G2F [Also in Division G5] In a display device comprising a transfer electrode El, a dump electrode E2 and a plurality of display electrode E3 immersed in a liquid electrolyte, a potential difference is first applied between electrodes E1 and E2 such as to deposit coloured material on E1, and subsequently a potential difference is applied between E1 and at least one electrode E3 so as effectively to transfer the coloured material to the selected electrode(s) E3. In Fig. 2, dot electrodes E3 are arranged in rows and columns, each column having a respective electrode E1 and E2 and the electrolyte being separated from that in adjacent columns by partitions 14 or by being contained in channels in a substrate. If the coloured material is such as to deposit at a cathode, it is initially deposited on selected electrode E1 by earthing the conductor 15 (FET 18, input T2) and by turning on selected FETs 19 to render corresponding electrode E2 positive. FETs 19 are controlled by a like array of bi-stables 23 forming an input/output register 24, AND gate 22 and control input Cl applied simultaneously with input T2. Subsequently an input T1 renders conductor 15 positive and, in the previously selected columns only, the coloured material is effectively transferred to the electrodes E3 of a selected row by activating the corresponding row input R2 (row conductor to earth). By repeating the process the array is scanned row sequentially. Non-linear resistances Z, e.g. oppositely poled diodes connected in parallel, are preferably provided between each electrode E1 and E3 and its row conductor. Erasure of the display is by turning on FETs 21 (input C2) and successively energizing terminals R1, or by short-circuiting the electrodes E3 to the dump electrode E2. The former erasure method may be used when the display requires refreshing to overcome dissipation of the coloured material by diffusion effects. The current between an electrode E2 and a coloured electrode E3 causes a current sense amplifier 27 to set the respective bi-stable 23 for a subsequent re-writing step. Partial or complete erasure of the display due to electrical read-out thereof may be counteracted similarly by applying sequential positive and negative current pulses across electrodes E2 and E3, the nett current being zero. During the positive pulse, terminal 29 is energized and the current between a written electrode and the electrode E2 produces an output from the amplifier 27, so that the following negative pulse restores the electrode E3 to its original written state. The device may also be constructed as a seven segment display.
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公开(公告)号：CA1121037A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-30
申请号：CA314399
申请日：1978-10-26
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , MARTIN DAVID H , MORGAN WILLIAM M
Abstract: An electrochromic display device and method of operating it are described in which said display device operates by the reversible redox reaction of an active electrochromic material and which has one or more display electrodes and means to supply current selectively to selected display electrodes, characterised in that each display electrode has a rough surface in contact with the active electrochromic material, and that, in operation of the device, the current density supplied to the display electrodes is such that the bulk concentration interface of the electrochromic material conforms to the contour of the rough electrode surface during the deposition of coloured species.
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公开(公告)号：CA1087717A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-14
申请号：CA296291
申请日：1978-02-06
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , LOWE ANTHONY C
Abstract: ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE In an electrochromic display device, it is desirable that the counter electrode is maintained at a constant potential to enable reference electrodes to be dispensed with. This is achieved, in the preferred embodiment, by a secondary redox system which senses the potential of the counter electrode by means of a conductor connecting the counter electrode and the electrode of the secondary system. When the potential of the counter electrode falls below a given value, the secondary system, which is connected to the display electrolyte through an ion exchange membrane, charges the counter electrode with electrochromic material. The counter electrode may be a grid.
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公开(公告)号：CA1087716A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-14
申请号：CA294071
申请日：1977-12-29
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , LOWE ANTHONY C , MARTIN DAVID H
Abstract: ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE In a flat panel electrochromic display, the counter electrode is in the form of a pattern of opaque conductive lines on the underside of the front face of the panel. The electrode is precharged to a known potential by depositing electrochromic material thereon. This arrangement solves the erasure problem for matrix displays with a large number of display electrodes.
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公开(公告)号：FR2388359A1
公开(公告)日：1978-11-17
申请号：FR7808223
申请日：1978-03-13
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , LOWE ANTHONY C
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：CA2126700A1
公开(公告)日：1995-01-03
申请号：CA2126700
申请日：1994-06-24
Applicant: IBM , WESTERN ATLAS INT INC
Inventor： BIRD COLIN L , CHAPMAN SYDNEY G , HENDERSON IAN , IBBOTSON JOHN B , KNAPMAN JOHN M
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公开(公告)号：CA1138183A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-28
申请号：CA348403
申请日：1980-03-25
Applicant: BARLTROP JOHN A , IBM
Inventor： BARLTROP JOHN A , BIRD COLIN L , COLLINS GILBERT C S
Abstract: There is disclosed an electrolyte for an electrochromic display of the kind in which a persistent coloured species of an electrochromic substance in solution is deposited onto a display electrode upon the passage of current therethrough. The electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution of a di-alkyl bipyridinium salt and a non-polymeric aliphatic alcohol in which either: (a) both alkyl groups of the bipyridinium salt have an odd number of carbon atoms and the alcohol has an even number of carbon atoms; or (b) both alkyl groups of the bipyridinium salt have an even number of carbon atoms and the alcohol has an odd number of carbon atoms. The alcohol inhibits recrystallisation (spotting) and non-erasure of the display electrodes. Particularly effective for 1,1' di-heptyl 4,4' bipyridinium dibromide, which has a severe lifetime problem, is n-hexanol. UK9-78-035
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公开(公告)号：CA1087766A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-14
申请号：CA289083
申请日：1977-10-17
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , HALLETT MICHAEL H , MARTIN DAVID H
Abstract: When electrochromic display electrodes are connected in groups in parallel through transistor switches leakage of charge and so diffusion of deposited electrochromic species takes place from the written to the unwritten electrodes of the group. This is prevented by ensuring that every electrode of the group has at least a monolayer of species deposited thereon. Such monolayers are invisible but equalise the potentials on each electrode.
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公开(公告)号：FR2388358A1
公开(公告)日：1978-11-17
申请号：FR7808222
申请日：1978-03-13
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , LOWE ANTHONY C
Abstract: An electrochromic display device has an improved counter electrode arrangement. The device has a plurality of display elctrodes and a counter electrode in contact with a first electrolyte of a primary redox system. The counter electrode is charged to a predetermined potential. A secondary redox system is associated with the primary redox system. A secondary electrode in the secondary redox system is electrically connected to the counter electrode to maintain the charge on the counter electrode at a predetermined potential.
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公开(公告)号：FR2375683A1
公开(公告)日：1978-07-21
申请号：FR7734664
申请日：1977-11-10
Applicant: IBM
Inventor： BARCLAY DONALD J , BIRD COLIN L , HALLETT MICHAEL H , MARTIN DAVID H
Abstract: According to the disclosure, electrochromic display apparatus is provided, comprising, an electrolyte containing an electrochromic material, a plurality of display electrodes in the electrolyte, the display electrodes being connected in at least one group to enable selection of display electrodes, means for selecting at least some display electrodes, means to effect deposition of a visible coating of colored species derived from the electrochromic material onto the selected display electrodes, and means to effect deposition of an invisible coating of the colored species onto all unselected display electrodes, whereby the potentials of selected and unselected display electrodes are equalized.
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